The Relationship between Comorbidities and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients at Raden Mattaher General Hospital in Jambi

Fesi Putri Alwi; Makrup Efendy; Mara Imam Taufiq Siregar; Dicky Wahyudi; Wahyu Indah Dewi Aurora; Fitriyanti Fitriyanti

doi:10.59141/jiss.v7i7.2412

Authors

Fesi Putri Alwi Universitas Jambi
Makrup Efendy Universitas Jambi
Mara Imam Taufiq Siregar Universitas Jambi
Dicky Wahyudi Universitas Jambi
Wahyu Indah Dewi Aurora Universitas Jambi
Fitriyanti Fitriyanti Universitas Jambi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59141/jiss.v7i7.2412

Keywords:

COVID-19, Comorbidities, Mortality

Abstract

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients with comorbidities have a higher risk of mortality compared to patients without comorbidities. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between comorbidities and mortality in COVID-19 patients at Raden Mattaher General Hospital in Jambi. Methods: This study is an observational analytical study with a retrospective approach using a cross-sectional design. The minimum sample size was 133 patients with comorbidities and 133 patients without comorbidities. The study utilized secondary data in the form of medical records, and the analysis employed the Chi-Square test. Results: The study sample consisted of 294 patients. Regarding sample characteristics, the largest age group was 56–64 years (27.6%), and the sample was predominantly male (54.4%). The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (21.1%), hypertension (10.2%), chronic kidney disease (9.2%), hypertensive heart disease (5.4%), acute kidney injury (2.4%), and tuberculosis (1.7%). The proportion of patients with a deceased status was (15.3%) Bivariate analysis results indicated an association between comorbidities and mortality among COVID-19 patients at Raden Mattaher General Hospital in Jambi, with a p-value of 0.006 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is an association between comorbidities and mortality in COVID-19 patients at Raden Mattaher General Hospital in Jambi.

References

Alkautsar A. Hubungan penyakit komorbid dengan tingkat keparahan pasien COVID-19. J Med Hutama. 2021;3(1):1488-94..

Aulianti L, Maria I, Halim R, Wulandari PS, Suzan R. Hubungan pengetahuan tentang COVID-19 terhadap kepatuhan protokol kesehatan untuk mengurangi penyebaran COVID-19 pada mahasiswa Universitas Jambi. J Med Stud. 2023;3(1):1-10.

Aurora WID, Nuriyah N, Sulistiawan A, Darmawan A, Maria I, Kusdiyah E. Manifestasi klinis pada pasien positif COVID-19 dengan dan tanpa vaksinasi. J Kedokt Jambi. 2023;11(2):233-40.

Azhar Z, Widyastuti CT, Rajin M, Fatmawati DA, Mawarti H, et al. Relationship of comorbid disease to mortality events in COVID-19 patients. 2021;1(2):135-42.

Azzahra D, Tanuwidjaja S, Nilapsari R. Hubungan penyakit komorbid dengan status mortalitas pasien COVID-19. Bandung Conf Ser Med Sci. 2024;4(1):654-60. doi:10.29313/bcsms.v4i1.11307.

Burhan E, Mubarak F, Adilah SASU, Sari CYI, Ismail E, Astuti P, et al. Association between cardiovascular diseases and COVID-19 pneumonia outcome in Indonesia: a multi-center cohort study. Front Med. 2023;10:1190148. doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1190148.

Cai R, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Liu L, Liu Y, He Q. Mortality in chronic kidney disease patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol. 2021;53(8):1623-9.

Choirunnisa C, Helda H. Hubungan hipertensi dengan mortalitas pasien COVID-19 di Tangerang Selatan. J Epidemiol Kesehat Indones. 2022;5(2):4.

Cordero A, Santos García-Gallego C, Bertomeu-González V, Fácila L, Rodríguez-Mañero M, Escribano D, et al. Mortality associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with COVID-19. Rec Cardioclinics. 2021;56(1):30-8. doi:10.1016/j.rccl.2020.10.005.

Djaharuddin I, Munawwarah S, Nurulita A, Ilyas M, Tabri NA, Lihawa N. Comorbidities and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Gac Sanit. 2021;35(Suppl 2):S530-S532.

Drew C, Adisasmita AC. Gejala dan komorbid yang memengaruhi mortalitas pasien positif COVID-19 di Jakarta Timur, Maret-September 2020. Tarumanagara Med J. 2021;3(1):42-51.

En Masrika NU, Hasan M, Yusran Y, Buyung S. Karakteristik pasien COVID19 di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. H. Chasan Boesoirie. JUMANTIK. 2022;7(3):255-62. doi:10.30829/jumantik.v7i3.11676.

Faurin M, Fauzar F, Kurniati R, Kam A, Decroli E. COVID-19 dengan komorbid tuberkulosis paru dan diabetes melitus. J Ilmu Kesehat Indones. 2020;1(3):445-9. risk

Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, Liang HR, Chen ZS, Li YM, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(5):2000547.

Gupta P, Gupta M, Katoch N, Garg K, Garg B. A systematic review and metaanalysis of diabetes associated mortality in patients with COVID-19. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2021;19(4):e113220. doi:10.5812/ijem.113220.

Halim R, Suzan R. Pola makan dan asupan imunonutrisi, aktivitas fisik dan komposisi tubuh pada overweight dan obesitas selama pandemi COVID-19. Jambi Med J. 2022;10(3):401-8.

Harahap AAL, Helda H. Faktor gejala dan komorbid yang berhubungan dengan kematian pasien COVID-19 di Tangerang Selatan, November 2020-Mei 2021. J Epidemiol Kesehat Komunitas. 2023;8(2):161-70.

Harahap H, Kusdiyah E, Anggraini ES. Faktor yang memengaruhi cakupan imunisasi dasar lengkap di Kota Jambi saat pandemi COVID-19. Med Dedic. 2023;6(1):74-80.

Hartantri Y, Debora J, Widyatmoko L, Giwangkancana G, Suryadinata H, Susandi E, et al. Clinical and treatment factors associated with the mortality of 46 COVID-19 patients admitted to a referral hospital in Indonesia. Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia. 2023;11:100167. doi:10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100167.

Humaryanto, Mifftahurahmah M, Harahap H, Wulandari PS. Pelatihan perubahan perilaku dan peningkatan imunitas di era pandemi COVID-19 bagi para guru anggota PGRI di Kota Jambi dan Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Med Dedic. 2021;4(2):278-82.

Jafrin S, Aziz MA, Islam MS. Elevated levels of pleiotropic interleukin-6 (IL6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) are critically involved with the severity and mortality of COVID-19: an updated longitudinal meta-analysis and systematic review on 147 studies. doi:10.1177/11772719221106600.

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Pedoman pencegahan dan pengendalian Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2020.

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2020. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2021.

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2021. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2022.

Khaerunnisa R, Rumana NA, Yulia N, Fannya P. Gambaran karakteristik pasien COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Mekar Sari Bekasi tahun 2020-2021. J Manaj Inf Kesehat Indones. 2022;10(1):72-8. doi:10.33560/jmiki.v10i1.390.

Levani Y, Prastya AD, Mawaddatunnadila S. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): patogenesis, manifestasi klinis dan pilihan terapi. J Kedokt Kesehat. 2021;17(1):44.

Lucyati A, Pratama AS, Warnasouda SY, Oktorina L, Rifasa S. Hubungan hipertensi dengan tingkat mortalitas pasien COVID-19 di RSUD Dr. Slamet Garut tahun 2020-2021. J Kesehat Tambusai. 2023;4(3):3677-84.

Mayasari OP, Ikalius I, Aurora WID. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku masyarakat dalam pencegahan COVID-19 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kenali Besar Kecamatan Alam Barajo. Med Dedic. 2021;4(1):146-53.

Menon T, Sharma R, Kataria S, Sardar S, Adhikari R, Tousif S, et al. The association of acute kidney injury with disease severity and mortality in COVID-19: a 2021;13(3):e13894. systematic review and meta-analysis. Cureus.

Nigatu BZ, Dessie NT. Prevalence of comorbidities and their association with disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Multimorb Comorb. 2025;15:26335565251371256.

Nofita W, Aurora WID, Syukri M. Teori dan aplikasi K3 di berbagai sektor pada masa pandemi COVID. 2021.

Pradhevi L, Soegiarto G, Wulandari L, Lusida MA, Saefudin RP, Vincent A. More severe comorbidities, advanced age, and incomplete vaccination increase the of COVID-19 mortality. doi:10.52225/narra.v4i2.949. Narra J. 2024;4(2):e949.

Raharja AS, Arania R, Utami D, Sinaga FTY. Hubungan antara reinfeksi COVID-19 pada pasien dewasa komorbid di RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek. J Ilmu Kedokt Kesehat. 2023;10(7):2453-60.

Rahmawati I, Anandani A. Gambaran karakteristik pasien rawat inap COVID19 di RSUD Adjidarmo Kabupaten Lebak tahun 2020-2021. MESINA. 2023;4(1):70-83.

Salsabila Z, Triyani Y, Achmad S. Diabetes melitus sebagai komorbid utama terhadap mortalitas pasien COVID-19. J Ris Kedokt. 2023:109-16.42. Novritasari O, Sotianingsih S, Ekaputri TW. Profil klinis pasien COVID-19 di RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi. J Kedokt Surabaya. 2023;1(1):5-10.

Saputra M, Dewi PHW, Febriyanti EN, Ribeiro PC, Harpendani PA, Noviana AC. Hubungan faktor risiko komorbid dengan tingkat kematian pasien COVID19 di Puskesmas Manduro Kabupaten Mojokerto bulan Januari-Juni tahun 2021. J CoMPHI. 2022;2(3):83-8.

Shang L, Shao M, Guo Q, Shi J, Zhao Y, Xiaokereti J, et al. Diabetes mellitus is associated with severe infection and mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Med Res. 2020;51(7):700-9. doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.07.005.

Silaghi-Dumitrescu R, Patrascu I, Lehene M, Bercea I. Penyakit penyerta pasien COVID-19. Kedokteran. 2023;59(8):1393.

Sun Y, Guan X, Jia L, Xing N, Cheng L, Liu B, et al. Independent and combined effects of hypertension and diabetes on clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. J Clin Hypertens. 2021;23(2):218-31. doi:10.1111/jch.14146.

Surendra H, Elyazar IR, Djaafara BA, Ekawati LL, Saraswati K, Adrian V, et al. Clinical characteristics and mortality associated with COVID-19 in Jakarta, Indonesia: a hospital-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2021;9:100108. doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100108.

Thaharah TA, Maria I, Ekaputri TW. Hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap mahasiswa Universitas Jambi terhadap penerimaan vaksinasi COVID-19. J Med Stud. 2023;3(3):145-55.

Vermonte P, Wicaksono TY. Karakteristik dan persebaran COVID-19 di Indonesia: temuan awal. CSIS Commentaries. 2020;1:1-12.

Wang B, Luo Q, Zhang W, et al. The involvement of chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury in disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID19: a meta-analysis. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2021;46:17-30. doi:10.1159/000512211.