Legal Efforts of Class I Bandar Lampung Penitentiary in Implementing Early Detection as an Effort to Prevent the Spread of Radicalism Ideology in Correctional Facilities

ABSTRACT


Introduction
The country of Indonesia is a Unitary State, in the form of a Republic, as stated in Article 1, Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (hereinafter abbreviated as the 1945 Constitution).Furthermore, Article 18, Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution explains that the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is divided into provinces and those provinces are further divided into regencies and cities.Each province, regency, and city has its own local government, regulated by law.In line with the content of the aforementioned 1945 Constitution, it is understood that Indonesia, divided into regions such as provinces, regencies, and cities, is a highly multicultural country with various ethnicities, tribes, and cultures.All of these contribute to Indonesia's cultural richness as a nation.This multiculturalism is also supported by Indonesia's geographical factors, given its vast territory comprised of numerous large and small islands.
The nation's unity in Indonesia is consistently tested by various threats of division among different societal groups, due to escalating conflicts within the society, both vertically and horizontally.These conflicts can stem from differences in social values, religious issues, ideological viewpoints, political opinions, as well as various other challenges within the society, which could endanger the state's sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the safety of the entire population.If these threats are supported by organized and tangible forces, they can become significant adversaries to the sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI).The diversity of Indonesia's ethnicities, religions, races, and cultures, with a population of over 270 million, is on one hand a national asset that directly or indirectly contributes positively to the effort of achieving societal wellbeing.However, on the other hand, these conditions can have negative impacts on the national life if there are developmental imbalances, injustices, and social and economic disparities, along with uncontrollable political dynamics.
Moreover, in the context of the global transition towards more open democracies, social dynamics are rapidly changing, including the influence of foreign interventions.These conditions make Indonesia one of the countries prone to conflicts, both horizontal and vertical.These conflicts have resulted in the loss of security, instilling fear in the population, environmental damage, material losses, loss of lives, and psychological trauma (grudges, hatred, and enmity), all of which hinder the realization of general well-being.Based on this, it is essential for the government and all law enforcement agencies to protect every Indonesian citizen from various forms of threats.All Indonesian citizens have fundamental rights, as emphasized in Articles 28A to 28J of the 1945 Constitution, especially the right to life and the right to defend their lives and livelihoods.Historical evidence shows that unchecked social competition can escalate into opposition, and when this opposition intensifies, conflicts arise.The most evident form of conflict, in the Indonesian context, arises from various differences that become acute and lead to disputes and conflicts between two or more groups/tribes, sometimes resulting in loss of life.
In this regard, Class I Bandar Lampung Penitentiary (Rajabasa Penitentiary) houses a specific community, namely inmates who are incarcerated.Specifically, the duties and functions of the Penitentiary include educating inmates, providing guidance, preparing facilities, managing labor outcomes, providing social and spiritual guidance to inmates, maintaining security and order within the Penitentiary, and handling administrative affairs.
Overall, the security situation at Rajabasa Penitentiary indicates a trend of increasing inmate numbers year by year.Currently, the number of inmates has reached 1052 individuals, while the Penitentiary's capacity is only for 620 inmates.Additionally, there are three terrorist inmates.The presence of these terrorist inmates necessitates special monitoring by officers to minimize the spread of radical ideology originating from these inmates.Furthermore, social inequality can contribute to social issues due to imbalances in activities among inmates, caused by various factors and leading to diverse impacts in economic, socio-cultural, religious, and other areas.
One of the security disruptions that has garnered attention lately is the involvement of certain individuals/groups exposed to radicalism, who subsequently engage in violent acts.Therefore, the role of the Penitentiary includes promoting national awareness and is coupled with intelligence operations such as investigation and guidance.
Based on the background provided, the researcher is interested in conducting a research study in the form of a thesis, titled "Legal Efforts of Class I Bandar Lampung Penitentiary in Implementing Early Detection as a Preventive Measure against the Spread of Radicalism in the Penitentiary."The problems in this paper are: a.What are the inhibiting factors of Bandar Lampung Class I Penitentiary's efforts in carrying out early detection as an effort to prevent the spread of radicalism in (prison)?b.How are the efforts of the Bandar Lampung Class I Penitentiary in carrying out early detection as an effort to prevent the spread of radicalism in (prison)?
Based on the problems mentioned above, the objectives to be achieved in this study are: a.To know, understand and analyze the inhibiting factors of Bandar Lampung Class I Penitentiary efforts in carrying out early detection as an effort to prevent the spread of radicalism against prisoners inside.b.To know, understand and analyze the efforts of the Bandar Lampung Class I Penitentiary in carrying out early detection as an effort to prevent the spread of radicalism against prisoners inside.

Materials and Methods
This research uses a juridical, normative, and empirical approach.The normative juridical approach is an approach carried out based on the main legal material, examining theoretical matters concerning legal principles, legal conceptions, views and legal doctrines, regulations and legal systems using secondary data, including principles, rules, norms and legal rules contained in laws and other regulations, by studying books, laws and regulations and other documents that are closely related to research to be discussed.The empirical approach is carried out by directly researching or observing into the field to see firsthand the application of laws and regulations or legal rules related to law enforcement, as well as conducting interviews with several respondents who are considered to be able to provide information about the implementation of law enforcement.

A. Factors inhibiting the efforts of Bandar Lampung Class I Penitentiary in carrying out early detection as an effort to prevent the spread of radicalism prisoner
Radicalism aims to change the existing structure of society to its roots even though it must be by violence.Radical groups have a strong philosophical foundation and are supported by a fairly careful program in introducing various innovations.Radicalism is a group that is neatly organized, carefully arranged, and has a long-term plan.Some strategic steps taken by radical groups include revolutions, raising civil wars and even between countries, replacing legitimate ideologies with ideologies believed by their groups, influencing decision-making policies in various scopes (from local to international levels), gaining recognition as a legal entity to represent ethnic groups or groups.
Based on the results of an interview with Herry Efendi, as a civil servant of terrorism convicts of Rajabasa Prison, some of the dangers of radicalism include: 1. Cause chaos and terror The absolute requirement for economic development is a stable and guaranteed state of defense and security.The emergence of radicalism and terrorism will cause chaos, unrest, riots, and terror.Such conditions will be very detrimental because they will have a direct impact on the economy and people's welfare.Radicalism itself is an act that tarnishes the good name of religion because there is no religion that teaches violence and murder.
2. Changing the ideology of the state Radicalism holds great danger because it can damage the minds and mentality of the nation's children.Radicalism often stands as a contradictory idea to the government.The existing government was considered unworthy of obedience and had to be destroyed.Radicals spread the idea that the government is an institution that must be fought and must be replaced with a government system that is in accordance with the values desired by the perpetrators of radicalism.
3. Resulting in political instability/social unrest Such thinking causes acts of violence to be seen as a consequence of struggle and lawful to do.Anarchist acts that use violence create fear and terror in society, causing unrest and feelings of threat.This harm causes social unrest and creates political instability and threatens the stability of state defense and security.
4. Threatening nationalism and causing the disintegration of the nation e-ISSN: 2723-6692  p-ISSN: 2723-6595 Radicalism causes the nation's children to become divided and torn between pros and cons.Such a situation greatly weakens the unity and unity of the nation because each side tends to defend its own group beliefs rather than based on common interests.Religion is no longer seen as something soothing, but a trigger for endless disputes that have the potential to threaten the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.
According to the explanation of the Head of Development, Andi Herry Irawan, Rajabasa Prison does not have a special coaching room in fostering terrorism prisoners so that prisoners follow the same coaching program as other prisoners.Not only that, there is a lack of human resources who are experienced enough in securing and fostering terrorism prisoners in Lapas.

B. The efforts of Bandar Lampung Class I Penitentiary in carrying out early detection as an effort to prevent the spread of radicalism against prisoners
Based on the results of an interview with the Head of the Rajabasa Prison Development Division, Andi Herry Irawan, it was explained that radicalism, anarchism or violence are almost always associated with religious nuances tend to be sensitive or at least arise drowned in recent years.Radicalism that gives rise to conflicts and social violence attached to religion often occurs in various regions in Indonesia.Even though the increase in radicalism can be born from anywhere such as economic, political, social and so on.The essence of radicalism is the attitude and actions of a person or certain group who use violent means in bringing about the desired change.Radical groups generally want such changes in a short time and drastically and contrary to the prevailing social system.This statement added to the problems previously explained making Rajabasa Prison very sensitive regarding radicalism where if there is even the slightest act of radicalism occurring as well as drawing ISIS symbols as happened in 2020, then the prisoner will be mutated to Pasir Putih Prison in Nusakambangan.
According to Herry Efendi's explanation as the Civil Service for terror prisoners, explained that basically Rajabasa Prison is not a prison to handle terrorism prisoners.In the application of guidance and its application, special protocols and methods are needed where in Rajabasa Prison there are no supporting facilities and infrastructure.However, with the Pancasila Clinic program, fostering national insight for all prisoners can help and certainly reduce radicalism that can arise in Lapas.Not only that, the formation of other national insights presented in spiritual formation, ceremonies every 17th for all prisoners and Correctional Greetings where all employees are present interact directly with all prisoners for early detection of security to radicalism.

Conclusion
Based on the results of research and discussion in the previous chapter, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. Factors inhibiting the efforts of Bandar Lampung Class I Prison in carrying out early detection as an effort to prevent the spread of radicalism against terrorism prisoners include: Factors of inadequate facilities and infrastructure for the development of terrorism prisoners and Human Resources (HR) who are less experienced in fostering prisoners terrorism.2. Bandar Lampung Class I Penitentiary in carrying out early detection as an effort to prevent the spread of radicalism against prisoners in prison, namely making innovations in the Pancasila Clinic which functions as a forum for National Insight Science for terrorism prisoners and other prisoners.As for the development of other national insights presented in spiritual formation, ceremonies every 17th for all prisoners and Correctional Greetings where all employees are present interact directly with all prisoners for early detection of security to radicalism.