Vol.4, No.04, April 2023
E-ISSN: 2723-6692
P-ISSN: 2723-6595
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Journal of Indonesian Social Science, Vol. 4, No. 04, April 2023 384
The Study of Social and cultural rewards of wedding parties in
Afghanistan
Enayatullah Dadman
1
, Sultan Mohammad Stanikzai
2
, Safiullah Maroofi
3
1,2,3
Education Faculty, Kandahar University, Afghanistan
Email: dadmanenayat@gmail.com, [email protected]
Corresponding Author: dadmanenayat@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Submitted
:02-04-2023
Received
:05-04-2023
Approved
:15-04-2023
Marriage is a good tradition, which brings together a woman and a
man Chastity, completion of honors, avoiding deviations and
continuity of the generation, is important for the holy religion of
Islam. In other words, marriage is a natural disaster that has become
a culture after the formation of the structure of human society .The
purpose of this research is to describe the social and cultural
advantages of wedding parties in Afghanistan, A descriptive
qualitative approach is used in this study and the data-collecting
process was conducted through the techniques of interview,
observation, and documentation. A marriage ceremony in
Afghanistan is similar to a comprehensive collection of exhilarating
observances of ancient traditions and customs. We have compiled a
list of the most unique traditions of an Afghan wedding after
conducting extensive research and observation.
Keywords: Development
communication, Empowerment,
People’s weaving
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
1. Introduction
Weddings are not only an important social custom in Nigeria, but also a crucial
component of the country's identity, whether in urban or rural areas, among the poor, the
middle class, or the wealthy (Vranjes, 2009). As a result, it serves as one of the criteria used
in Nigeria to determine whether a person is or is not a responsible member of society (Djauro,
2011). Marriage is a significant social institution, and both sexes are expected to contribute
responsibly to it. Marriage is a social institution that societies create, maintain, and defend
because it offers "social goods," or advantages to society as a whole and to its constituent
members (Djauro, 2011). Children are among the most significant social goods produced by
the institution of marriage (between a man and a woman) in the African context. Because the
next generation is literally every society's future, marriage has always been and always will
be primarily about children (and what is best for them (Zeldin et al., 2013). A contract
recognized by the government and, for many, by God denotes marriage, a lifetime
commitment between two people (Animasahun & Fatile, 2011). Once more, marriage is an
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institution that preserves a people's lifeline. It enables people to come together, live together,
and give birth to the group's next generation by providing social and legal support. Social,
cultural, and religious beliefs are transmitted along this line from one generation to the next.
The people who are thus united and allowed to coexist as one within the community learn
how to coexist, and love their children, themselves, and the community (Animasahun & Fatile,
2011). The wedding blessings place a strong emphasis on marriage within the context of
creation and figuratively refer to marriage as paradise reclaimed. Jewish marriages are a
blessing from God because they not only help to preserve humankind but also advance and
complete the personal development of the partners (Smith, 1981). Hindus view marriage as
a sacred institution where a man and a woman unite spiritually. Hindu marriage is also a
social obligation, just as it was during the Vedic era when it was also a moral and religious
requirement. Marriage is a means of bearing children, particularly male children, as well as a
means by which a man can pay back his debt to his ancestors (Brooke, 1989). Despite these
benefits and the value placed on marriage in society, a high percentage of marriages end in
divorce (Arugu, 2014). Bigamy, polygamous marriages, arranged marriages, and other social
norms are typical of Nigerian society. Despite having various groups, customs, and unions,
they all share a certain trait. This relates to the evolving procedures and practices
surrounding marriage and weddings. These are influenced by the allure and ideas of the
West. The old customs are disappearing quickly while these are happening quickly. Old
customs are fading away, and people are more likely to adhere to Western marriage customs.
Therefore, there are more Western-oriented weddings that follow its format while also
attempting to innovate. Even the traditional African ones are added to by couples (Aiyetan
and Kolapo, 2005). A wedding is typically one of the most important historical events in a
person's life, making it impossible to miss. As a result, many people celebrate it with elaborate
ceremonies that take a lot of effort, resources, and time (Nurhadi et al., 2018). The biological
need to have children, the need for affection between family members, the need for a sense
of brotherhood, and the responsibility to raise children so that they become the next
generation and good neighbors are all natural elements of the man himself that help to form
the foundation of marriage (Sudirman, 2016). Marriage serves social purposes, such as when
planning the execution of the wedding procession, which necessitates assistance from others
in order to improve public relations through cooperation (Muniroh et al., 2022). For religious
believers, marriage is sacred and contains religious teachings for its adherents. There are also
wedding traditions that carry plants and have meaning (Pratama & Wahyuningsih, 2018).
The traditional values and practices of a society that have been practiced for a very long time
are connected to marriage. Tradition is an action that a group of people consistently perform
from generation to generation. The custom gets its start with regular practice. Tradition is
also known as passed-down inheritance or inheritance from ancestors. There is a group of
people who believe that tradition is something that needs to be carried out because the
community considers it to be a very sacred activity. Some claim that the word "tradition"
derives from the word "tradium," which means everything that is passed down (Supriyati et
al., 2017). Each of the processions in the marriage tradition uses a specific set of tools to carry
out the tradition of the marriage ceremony. The processions that take place from the
beginning to the end of the implementation of the tradition of the marriage ceremony contain
religious values even in the marriage ceremony itself (Darwis, 2017). Traditional marriages
frequently correspond with rituals or religious doctrine. It is common to find a society that
views tradition as an integral component of religion. This is due to the ritual practices and
religious teachings that their ancestors paralleled from generation to generation in order to
impart good and beneficial guidelines for human life. In some instances, it demonstrates how
Indonesia's various regions are distinct from one another and each has its own traditions. As
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a result, culture needs to be developed and even maintained. Tradition is a practice that has
been passed down through generations among some locals (Silaen, 2018). In addition to
showing respect for ancestors and gratitude to God Almighty, customs can also affect those
who organize traditional ceremonies and ritual activities that are thought to be very
meaningful for the locals who participate in them. They can also serve as a way of socializing
and confirming cultural values that already exist and are applicable in society. Ordinary
People’s Lives (Nurfirdaus & Risnawati, 2019).
1. Materials and Methods
Research design
This research was conducted in Jalalabad city of Afghanistan, and a qualitative method
was used in this research, According to Creswell & Guetterman (2018), qualitative research
entails gathering data primarily from participant text or words, interpreting and analyzing
subjectively collected texts, and relying heavily on information from objects or participants
on a broad scope and general questions. While the sampling is carried out using the purposive
technique, which is a method of collecting samples by directly identifying the respondents in
order to ascertain the respondents' true quality. Two methods of data collection were used,
observation and documentation. In accordance with the research objectives, observations
were made to locate the area, confirm the research location, and take notes. Collecting
research materials that have been written up in articles or journals is another method of
gathering data. Find additional sources, such as books and magazines that are related to the
study's goals. When conducting research, the factors taken into account alternated between
the respondents or sources, the research site, and the things we chose as research
respondents, namely ustad and also members of counseling on the implementation of
marriage. These two respondents were chosen because they can provide the data required
as a result of the research and because they are knowledgeable about and understand
wedding customs in general. Triangulation techniques are used to immediately analyze the
collected data. This approach aims to validate the information gathered from various sources,
including observations, documentation, and interviews. When the two sources demonstrate
the level of consistency in the data obtained. When the respondent's statements coincide with
what other sources of the information shown to be true, the data is deemed to be extremely
reliable.
2. Results and Discussions
In almost every region of the world, it is celebrated as one of the most joyful events of
life since it occurs only once. A marriage ceremony in Afghanistan is similar to a
comprehensive collection of exhilarating observances of ancient traditions and customs. We
have compiled a list of the most unique traditions of an Afghan wedding after conducting
extensive research and observation. The story of a man and woman getting married begins
with an official proposal or an engagement ceremony, unlike all other Muslim weddings. The
boy's family visits the girl at the bride's house. The bride's family is examined, given the son's
approval, and informed of the husband or other sons. However, they exchange Dismal or
Khimcha when both the boy's and girl's side families are in favor of the relationship. In
addition, the girl's approval is where the name SHIRINI, the ceremony or tradition, comes
from. It can be characterized as affirmation from both families. As a result, both sides of the
family get to work planning the festivities and customs after the approval. If the proposal is
approved, both families will have new obligations and formalities to complete. Every now
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and then, they must arrange a meeting for better understanding or exchange gifts. In the case
of how the marriage is made, there is a lot of family diversity from one family to another, and
even among members of a family. Those involved in decision-making include grandparents,
parents, uncles and aunts, midwives and uncles, siblings, and those who decide on their
marriage. The degree of influence of these people on decision-making is also different from
that of the family. Decision-making processes vary over time among the family and this
change can occur over a short period of time, for example from one member to another family
member of the change. The decision can be divided into two groups: first, marriages in the
case of those who have not married, and second, marriages for those who have been married
- the group includes those who have been widowed or married or men who have a second,
third, or fourth marriage. The following three sections are about decision-making for those
who have not been married. Decision processes for those who have been married.
Figure 1. The distribution of tribal areas in Jalalabad
Table 1. List of the number of District groups have different Cultural in Jalalabad
No
Subdistrict
Number of Cultural Groups
1
Sorkhroud
5
2
Khogyani
2
3
Chaparhar
6
4
Agam
7
5
Bihsood
8
6
shirzad
3
7
Kama
5
8
Khiwa
3
9
Lalpoora
2
10
Mohmandara
1
11
Batikoot
9
12
Nazian
6
13
Achin
3
14
Goshta
3
15
Rodat
4
16
Hisarak
3
17
Haska Mina
8
18
Dari- E- Noor
1
19
Ghanikhil
7
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20
Koot
1
21
Spinghar
16
22
Door Baba
4
Source: Primary Data, Processed 2023.
The results of an interview with the head of the Different group the people there, in
their daily lives, especially women are not only responsible for making cultural and social
parties, but each of these groups are responsible to participate and make the social and
cultural parties.
3. Conclusion
Human Terrain Analysis
Shinwari
Located primarily in Chaparhar, Dih Bala, Achin, Shinwar, Nazyan, and Dur Baba
districts. Feud with Khogiani. History of opposing the British and the central government in
Kabul. A major thorn in the side of Amir Abdur Rahman Khan during the 1880s. They are
classified as Eastern, Sarbani Pashtuns. View the Shinwari Tribal Tree
Khogiani
Located primarily in Sherzad, Khogiani, and Pachir Wa Agam districts. Feud with
Shinwari and Ghilzai. History of opposing the British. They are classified as Karlanri and Hill
Tribe Pashtuns. View the Khogiani Tribal Tree
Mohmand
Located primarily in Rodat, Kot, Bati Kot, Goshta, Lal Pur, Kama, and Muhmand Dara
districts. Classified as Eastern or Sarbani Pashtun.
Pashai
Located primarily in Dara-I Nur and Kuz Kunar districts. Outside of references to
Hazrat Ali, the Pashai are outside of most tribal genealogies. They inhabit northern Nangahar,
Lagman, and especially Nuristan. Their native tongue is a Dardic language, Dardic being a
language group that extends in the foothills of the Hindu Kush from Afghanistan to India.
They are first spoken of by Herodotus as “Dardikae.” They straddle the divide between
Pashtun and Nuristani, but most seem to consider themselves Pashtun, and it would be
unwise to imply otherwise.
They are also often referred to as Kohistani, Kohistan being districts in Badakshan,
Afghanistan, and Pakistan. By others they are also occasionally referred to as Shurrhi, a
derisive term for “hillbilly"4 They are not known to be allied with any Pashtuns for anything
other than expediency’s sake, and their tradition allies are for the most part their fellow hill-
tribes such as the Kohistani.
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