Vol. 4, No. 03, March 2023
E-ISSN: 2723-6692
P-ISSN: 2723-6595
http://jiss.publikasiindonesia.id/
Journal of Indonesian Social Science, Vol. 4, No. 03, March 2023 174
Optimizing Utilization by Using Promodel and Fmea Queue
Methods at Toll Gates
Monalisa Eka Febriana
1
, Asep Endih Nurhidayat
2
1,2
Universitas Indraprasta PGRI
Email: monaliesaf@gmail.com, aennoerhidayat@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Submitted
:12-03-2023
Received
:15-03-2023
Approved
:25-03-2023
PT Citra Marga Nusaphala Persada Tbk is a toll road company
headquartered in Jakarta, Indonesia. Until the end of 2020, this
company holds concessions for five toll roads in Java Island.
Looking at the queue report, it can be seen that there are still a
large number of vehicle queues on the highest toll roads, namely 65
vehicles at 19.00-20.05 hours. Long queue lengths can affect
customer dissatisfaction with the service system on the toll road so
that it can be detrimental to the company, moreover the lack of
maximum automatic machine work is the main factor in long
queues. Of all the problems that occur can be solved using the
queuing method and FMEA. The goal is to find out how to deal with
queues on toll roads and find out how to deal with automatic
machines working optimally. Based on the results that have been
obtained, the company only opened 2 automatic substation
machines. There are many obstacles that occur, including there are
still queues due to the less than optimal machine work. So that this
research was carried out to fix the problem that occurred by adding
1 automatic substation machine. The difference in the utilization
rate is very large, namely 10.96% to 31.51%, with the result that
the number of vehicles waiting is 0, meaning there are no vehicles
queuing. The high RPN results from the results of the FMEA
method make it the basis for the need for preventive maintenance
measures to avoid total engine shutdown which results in long
queues at toll exits. This action consists of providing maintenance
workers who guard the substation to guard against machine
problems by working 3 shifts and periodic checks starting from the
system to its components.
Keywords: Promodel, Fmea
Queue, toll roads.
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
1. Introduction
Currently, the demand for transportation has been increasing every year,
resulting in a large volume of vehicles passing through toll gates on a daily basis,
especially at the toll gates for tourists entering the city. This often causes long queues,
especially during peak hours in the morning and evening. The congestion can cause
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Journal of Indonesian Social Science, Vol. 4, No. 03, March 2023 175
inconvenience for toll road users as they feel that the service they receive is not worth
the money they paid (Nugraha et al., 2019). If no effort is made to reduce traffic
congestion on the toll road, it will lead to a decrease in the number of toll road users.
The long queues at toll gates can cause financial and time losses for both parties
(Lukman & Angriani, 2018).
PT Citra Marga Nusaphala Persada Tbk is a toll road company headquartered in
Jakarta, Indonesia. As of the end of 2020, the company held concessions for five toll road
sections on Java Island. The automation system is aimed at maximizing service, but in
reality, there are still queues due to the less-than-optimal performance of the toll booth
machines (Simarmata, 2010). Based on reports, there are still a significant number of
vehicle queues at the busiest toll gate, with 65 vehicles queuing between 7:00 PM and
8:05 PM. The long queue can affect customer satisfaction with the toll service,
potentially causing losses for the company. Furthermore, the less-than-optimal
performance of the toll booth machines is the main factor causing the long queues
(Barata, 2003).
All these issues can be addressed by using queuing theory and Failure Mode and
Effect Analysis (FMEA). Queuing theory is a situation where people or goods are waiting
in line to be served (Heizer & Render, 2015). FMEA is an engineering technique used to
identify and eliminate known failures, problems, errors, and the like from a system,
design, process, and/or service before it reaches the customer (Yulinda Hanif R, 2015).
2. Materials and Methods
The research method used in this study is action research, a type of research
conducted to obtain practical findings for operational decision-making purposes in the
observed research object. Then, a study is conducted to make improvements using
relevant knowledge, so the results of this research can be used as corrective measures
for the company in the future. The data used for this research are from machine
downtime and company operational reports (Rangkuti, 2019).
4. Results and Discussions
Based on the data collection that has been obtained and the exposure of
problems that have occurred, data processing is carried out to find out the appropriate
improvement proposals. Data processing consists of 2 stages, namely the first based on
data processing using the Queue method and the second data processing using the
FMEA method (Nurfitria et al., 2015)(Nengsih, 2020). Here are the stages of data
processing as follows:
1. Data processing using the Queue method
In actual data processing, the reference data is based on the company's actual
data by going through several stages as follows:
a. etermine the P0 value in each service facility (M/M/2)
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In this situation, arrivals form a single line to be served by a single station. Data
processing at this stage to calculate the probability of queuing to be served. The formula
of each result that has been contained in the data analysis technique. Here are the
results that have been obtained as follows:
Table 4.2 Results of P0 values in each service facility (M/M/2)
Moon
Arrival (N)
µ
M
PO
1
64
15
2
2,27
2
51
15
2
1,40
3
48
15
2
1,20
4
21
15
2
0,60
5
55
15
2
1,67
6
65
15
2
2,33
Total
304
90
12
8,27
Source : Research
Based on the results that have been obtained, the average vehicle queuing is 2
cars with the highest level in January and June as many as 3 cars. This occurs a buildup
of vehicles that want to get out where the exit lane hampers the process of vehicles that
want to park as well.
b. Calculate the results of Ws, Ls, Lq and Wq
This stage is the next stage of the PO results that have been obtained to find out
more details about the waiting time for the vehicle to come out. The formula of each
result that has been contained in the data analysis technique. Here are the results that
have been obtained as follows:
Table 4.3 Results Ws,Ls,Lq and Wq
Ls
Ws
Lq
Wq
Wq
(Minutes)
273,07
1,77
5,57
0,09
5,22
173,40
1,71
4,82
0,09
5,67
153,60
1,69
4,65
0,10
5,82
29,40
1,29
4,90
0,23
14,00
201,67
1,73
5,04
0,09
5,50
281,67
1,77
5,63
0,09
5,20
1112,80
9,94
30,62
0,69
41,41
Source : Research
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Based on the results that have been obtained, the number of vehicles waiting in
the system in 6 months is 1113 cars.
c. Calculating Utilization results using Promodel Software
Labor utilization is the ratio of actual working time spent to the total amount
of available working time (AS & Shalahuddin, 2015). In the utilization results of this
promodel, it is seen to determine the percentage of waiters who can serve
customers. Here are the promodel results that have been obtained as follows:
Figure 4.1 Promodel Parking System M/M/1
Source : Research
Figure 4.2 Utilization Results of Promodel Parking System M/M/2
Source : Research
Based on the results that have been obtained for the service system, only 1,
namely the result of entrance utilization, which is 12.40% with an obstructed
parking exit rate of 10.96%.
2. Data processing using the FMEA method
The FMAE used in this study is the process FMAE where the definition of the
system here is a production machine (Pratama, 2019). The FMEA approach is used
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to improve the most prioritized policies in order of the largest value to the smallest
value from the Risk Priority Analysis (RPN) results (Botutihe et al., 2018). To get
the RPN value, you must first know the values of severity, occurrence and detection
(Oktaviana et al., 2020). Therefore, to obtain severity, occurrence and detection, a
scale or criteria of events must be made according to the FMEA method.
The following table 4.4 is the severity criteria on automatic substation machines, as
follows:
Table 4.4. Severity Criteria
Effect
Severity Criteria
Rank
Dangers
Without
Warning
Failure is very high, endangering visitors as
well as the machine environment but there
is no damage warning
10
Danger with
Warning
Very high failure, endangering visitors and
the machine environment with a damage
warning
9
Very High
Interference
The Oven Machine cannot
operating due to the loss of the main
functions of the machine
8
Annoyance
Tall
The Oven Machine cannot
Operate
7
Moderate
Impairment
The Oven Machine can be operated but
there are parts that cannot function
6
Low
Interference
Oven machine can operate but experience
performance degradation
5
Source : Research
Table 4.4. Severity Criteria (Advanced)
Very Low
Interference
Oven machine can operate
with normal but needs reset
4
Minor Disturbances
The oven machine can operate normally
but the operator notices a small
disturbance
3
Very Minor
Interference
The oven machine can operate normally
and the effects of interference do not
interfere with the performance of the
machine
2
No Distractions
The oven machine can operate normally
and there is no effect of any interference
1
Source : Research
Based on failures contained in automatic substation machines. So the rank
and scale of occurrence are determined to be Table 4.5 below:
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Table 4.5. Occurrence criteria
Failure
Whistle
Scale of Failure
occurrence
Rank
Very
High
1 per 30 days
10
1 per 50 days
9
Tall
1 per 100 days
8
1 per 6 months
7
Keep
1 per 1 year
6
1 per 2 years
5
Low
1 per 3 years
4
1 per 5 years
3
Controlled
1 per 10 years
2
never at all (1 failure
more than 10 years)
1
Research Resources
Based on the failure contained in the substation machine. So the rating and
detection scale are set as follows:
Table 4.6. Detection Criteria
Detection
Detection Criteria
Rank
Not
Detected
The failure could not be
detected and
inflict severe damage
10
Little
Failure mode is not easily
detected
9
Very
Low
Very low detection, machine
The oven cannot operate but
is visible to the operator
8
Low
Low detection, oven machine
malfunctions
7
Small
Very low detection with
replacement of existing parts
does not work
6
Keep
Checking and
Repair because a
component has
malfunctioned
5
Quite
High
Detection is quite high,
machine
oven must undergo reset
4
Tall
High detection due to warning
from oven machine
3
Very
Tall
Very high detection with
Routine inspections
2
Certainly
A definite failure was detected
1
Source : Research
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Once known the scale or rank on each RPN variable such as severity, occurrence and detection. Below is a table of FMEA results on
substation machine operating systems as Table 4.7 below:
Table 4.7. FMEA Results
FMEA Worksheet
PT Citra Marga Nusaphala Persada Tbk
Subsystem : Automatic Substation Machine
No
Component
Function
Failure Modes
Causes
Failure Effect
S
O
D
RPN
Rank
1
Optical
beam sensor
knowing whether the vehicle
exists or does not exist, in
addition to being a sign of
separation between the
vehicle in front and the one
behind it
1
Faulty
sensor
1
The exit
bar can not
1
It is difficult to
manage
vehicles that
have been
queuing at the
substation
machine
5
4
5
100
3
2
Loop coil
detect if there is a vehicle on
it (vehicle height)
1
Cannot be
used
1
system
illegibility
1
engine off
7
4
1
28
6
3
Treadle axel
counting
Counts the number of axles
owned by a vehicle.
1
Error
1
does not
match the
count
1
Non-specific
data
5
4
5
100
4
Source : Research
Advanced Table 4.7 FMEA Results
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FMEA Worksheet
PT Citra Marga Nusaphala Persada Tbk
Subsystem : Automatic Substation Machine
No
Component
Function
Failure Modes
Causes
Failure Effect
S
O
D
RPN
Rank
4
Ultrasonic
Sensor
Find out whether
the bus vehicle is or
not.
1
broken
1
Not according
to rates
1
Less rates
3
4
4
48
5
5
Height
sensor
Detecting the height
of the vehicle (in
the specification
this time the result
of this sensor
not yet used).
1
faulty
sensor
1
disruption of
system
performance
1
System not
saved
5
4
5
100
2
6
AVC
controller
To conclude what
class of vehicles go
through toll gates
.ini.
1
Error
1
unusable
1
engine
completely shut
down
5
5
5
125
1
Source : Research
Based on the results of Table 4.7, the results of the RPN value of each component obtained the results of rank 1, namely in the avc
controller and rank 2, namely the height sensor and rank 3, namely the optical beam sensor.
Journal of Indonesian Social Science, Vol. 4, No. 03, March 2023 182 180
5. Conclusion
Based on the results obtained, the company only opened 2 automatic substation
machines. Many obstacles occur including there are still queues due to the lack of
maximum machine work. So this study was carried out to fix the problems that occurred
by adding 1 automatic substation machine. The difference in utilization rate is very
large, which is 10.96% to 31.51%, with the result that the number of vehicles waiting is
0 meaning there are no vehicles waiting in line. The high RPN result from the results of
the FMEA method makes it necessary to carry out preventive maintenance measures to
avoid complete engine shutdown which results in long queues at toll exits. The action
consists of providing maintenance workers who maintain the substation to guard the
machine by working 3 shifts and periodic checks starting from the system to its
components.
Based on the data processing that has been carried out, appropriate
improvement proposals are obtained, namely by adding substation machines and
manpower, especially to repair problematic substation machines.
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