Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024

E-ISSN:2723 – 6692

P-ISSN:2723– 6595

http://jiss.publikasiindonesia.id/

Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 12, December 2024 3212

The Role of The Village Consultative Body in The Context of

Supervision of The Village Government in Simpang Village,

Residents Outside Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar Regency

Bachruddin Meikiansyah, Hans Reyner Edison Sianturi, Akmal, Rubi

Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Indonesia

Email: bmeikiansyah@gmail.com, hres.u[email protected], ckakmal3@gmail.com,

rubijuhumeratus@gmail.com

Korespondensi: bmeikiansyah@gmail.com

KEYWORDS

ABSTRACT

Role: Village Consultative

Agency; Implementation

This research aims to: 1) Know and obtain data on the

implementation of the function of the Village Consultative Board in

the implementation of government in Simpang Village of Residents

Outside Aluh-Aluh District of Banjar Regency, 2) Know and obtain

data on factors that affect the implementation of the function of the

Village Consultative Board in the implementation of government in

Simpang Village Residents Outside Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar

Regency. This research uses qualitative research with a sociological

approach because data is obtained directly from facts in society—

data collection through case studies, field research, and interviews.

The results of this study show that: 1. Implementation of BPD

Supervision Function in the implementation of government in

Simpang Village of Residents Outside Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar

Regency has not been thoroughly carried out optimally because only

3 (three) main tasks are carried out, namely accommodating and

distributing community aspirations, 2. Factors that affect the

implementation of bpd supervision function are influenced by

driving factors, community support/participation in BPD, and good

cooperative relations between BPD and the Village Government. At

the same time, the second factor is an inhibitory factor that includes

the lack of benefits given to BPD members, facilities and

infrastructure, lack of human resources that fill BPD membership,

and the existence of community pros and cons to every decision set.

Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Introduction

The political developments in Indonesia have evolved from a centralized system to the current

state. The previous government's policies and centralization approach entrusted the central

government with authority over all domestic affairs. This shift marks a departure from the concept of

regional autonomy, both at the village and provincial levels. The government exerts significant

influence over each region, particularly at the village level. Village apparatus implements policies that

are ultimately dictated by higher authorities, including sub-district heads, regents, and governors,

thereby impeding the autonomy of village governments. Villages and Village Communities (BPDs) are

obligated to fulfill their responsibilities with a sense of accountability, as their position within the

government is a mandate from the people. This mandate is intended to ensure that the aspirations of

the community they lead can be realized through the implementation of programs designed to benefit

the community (Huda, 2015). In the contemporary context, endeavors aimed at enhancing the quality

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of life in rural communities have gained significant prominence. This heightened focus is predicated

on two key factors. Firstly, the majority of the population inhabits rural areas, underscoring the

necessity for comprehensive development strategies that cater to these communities. Secondly, Law

Number 9 of 2015 concerning Regional Government has underscored the importance of community

participation in development initiatives. The realization of regional autonomy hinges on the

availability of qualified human resources, as these individuals play a pivotal role in determining the

viability of development projects and the effectiveness of government functions within these regions.

The comprehensive reform initiated in 1998 encompasses all facets of society and is driven by

the collective conviction of the populace in the fundamental principles of the 1945 Constitution. The

capacity of state and government institutions, in conjunction with the dedication of the citizenry, is

paramount for the effective implementation of constitutional provisions. The advent of Law No. 9 of

2015 concerning Regional Government and Government Regulation No. 6 of 2014 concerning

Villages, along with the formulation of government policies, particularly Law No. 9 of 2015 concerning

Regional Government, has rekindled the nation's aspiration for a more promising future.

The fundamental objective of regional autonomy is to cultivate independence within the region

while concurrently enhancing the quality of democracy at the local level.The efficacy of democracy

can be gauged by the degree to which the outcomes of existing policies can catalyze community

initiatives rather than fostering dependency.It is imperative to acknowledge that a crucial component

of the regional autonomy policy is the very concept of regional autonomy, which can be regarded as

its crux. In this regard, the effective implementation of Village Government functions is imperative

(Yustika, 2015). The Village Government, as the village's executive body, plays a pivotal role in

shaping policies and driving development initiatives. In addition, the village government must

establish partnerships with the BPD, the private sector, and the community itself. It is also necessary

to understand the role of the BPD in supervising the village administration.

The Role of BPD Fungi in Article 55 of Law Number 6 of 2014The present study examines the

role of BPD Fungi in Article 55 of Law Number 6 of 2014. Despite the mandate set forth in Law

Number 6 of 2014, the BPD Institution in Simpang Warga Luar Village, Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar

Regency has not adequately fulfilled its primary duties. Moreover, BPD is obliged to supervise the

village head in the implementation of government functions in Simpang Village, Warga Luar Village,

Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar Regency, with the aim of minimizing irregularities in the implementation

of village regulations and deviations from the APBDes.

Prior studies have extensively discussed the functions and challenges of BPD in different

regional contexts. For instance, Ngarsiningtyas and Sembiring (2016) explored the participatory role

of BPD in drafting village regulations, highlighting the institution's potential to enhance transparency

and accountability. Similarly, Maria Ersalina Meme and Subardjo (2020) analyzed the impact of

functional supervision and public service accountability on local government performance,

emphasizing the critical role of oversight mechanisms. These studies provide valuable insights into

the general functions of BPD but offer limited exploration of its supervisory roles in specific

regulatory frameworks or unique regional conditions.

The novelty of this research lies in its empirical investigation into the BPD's supervisory

function within the distinct socio-political context of Simpang Village, Banjar Regency. Unlike prior

research, this study delves into the practical challenges and enabling factors affecting BPD's oversight

capabilities, addressing gaps in the literature on localized governance dynamics. By focusing on

enabling and inhibiting factors, such as community participation, human resources, and

infrastructure limitations, this research offers a nuanced understanding of how BPD operates within

Law Number 6 of 2014.

Furthermore, this study extends the discourse by integrating theoretical perspectives from

public administration and governance studies. As articulated by Donaldson (2001), the contingency

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theory of management serves as a conceptual lens to understand how external and internal variables

shape the effectiveness of BPD's supervisory functions. This approach enables the research to link

practical findings with broader theoretical frameworks, thereby enhancing its contribution to the

field.

By addressing these gaps, this research reaffirms the foundational principles of regional

autonomy and community participation and contributes to the ongoing discourse on improving

governance mechanisms at the village level. The findings aim to inform policymakers and

stakeholders about actionable strategies for strengthening the role of BPD in promoting accountable

and effective village governance.

Materials and Methods

This research employs empirical law research, a strategy within the broader framework of

empirical research.A case study constitutes a research strategy characterized by meticulous

investigation of a program, event, activity, process, or group of individuals.The temporal and activity

limitations inherent to case studies necessitate the implementation of various data collection

procedures based on a predetermined time frame. The objective of this research is to ascertain the

role of the Village Consultative Body in implementing government in Simpang Village, Residents

Outside, Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar Regency.

Primary data in this study is collected in the following way:

1. Observation

Observation is a research conducted by making direct observations in the field related to the

problems raised in this study, namely regarding the Role of the Village Consultative Body in the

implementation of government in Simpang Village, Warga Luar Aluh, Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar

Regency.

2. Interview

In-depth interviews collect a number of data and related information that are researched. These

interviews are conducted with informants who have been selected and are considered to

know/understand well matters related to the Role of BPD in the Implementation of Village

Government.

3. Documentation

Documentation is an activity intended to analyze or find data related to the Role of the Village

Consultative Body in implementing government in Simpang Village, Residents Outside, Aluh-Aluh

District, Banjar Regency.

Secondary data in the form of legal materials collected through library studies; the legal

materials consist of:

a. Primary legal materials, namely binding legal materials in the form of:

1) The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945;

2) Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages.

b. Secondary legal materials, namely legal materials in the form of law books, legal journals,

articles, and others relevant to the subject.

c. Tertiary legal materials, namely legal materials that can explain primary and secondary legal

materials in legal dictionaries.

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The legal materials that have been processed are then analyzed qualitatively, namely a data

analysis that does not use numbers but describes words or findings so that it prioritizes the quality

of the data and not quantity.

Results and Discussions

Implementation of the Supervisory Function of the Village Consultative Body on the

Implementation of Village Government in Simpang Village, Residents Outside Aluh-Aluh

District, Banjar Regency.

According to Article 209 of Law Number 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government, the

Village Consultative Body is responsible for establishing village regulations and accommodating and

channeling the community's aspirations. Furthermore, Article 1 Number 8 of Government Regulation

Number 72 of 2005 concerning Villages stipulates that the village consultative body is "an institution

that is a democratic institution in the implementation of village government as a form of village

government implementation." The Village Consultative Body (BPD) is a novel institution in the village

that is in regional autonomy in Indonesia, and it is also a small Regional People's Representative

Council (DPRD) representing the village people.

The Village Consultative Body is regarded as the village community's representative entity,

with the objective of fostering democratic principles and enhancing the effectiveness of services

provided by the village head and his staff. This function is carried out in the capacity of the Village

Consultative Body's supervisory role, as delineated in Article 55 of Law Number 6 of 2014, which

stipulates the following functions of the Village Consultative Body: first, the discussion and agreement

on the draft village regulations with the village head; second, the accommodation and channeling of

the aspirations of the village community; and third, the supervision of the performance of the village

head.

The Village Consultative Body, in its capacity as the people's representative within the village,

is obligated to fulfill its responsibilities in a satisfactory manner to ensure its role as a representative

of the community. This obligation entails the facilitation and direction of the village community's

aspirations. In the event that the Village Consultative Body functions effectively, it is reasonable to

anticipate an enhancement in the effectiveness and performance of the village head and the village

government apparatus..

The supervisory function of the village consultative body is of paramount importance in

establishing effective governance. This entity serves as a conduit between the community's interests,

which necessitate advocacy, and the village government's interests, which require oversight. The

efficacy of this supervisory function is contingent on the capabilities and competencies of its

members.

The Village Consultative Body, in the execution of its supervisory function, possesses the

prerogative to demand the accountability of the village head and to request information from the

village government. The implementation of the supervisory function carried out by the Village

Consultative Body in Simpang Village, Outside Residents, Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar Regency,

encompasses the supervision of all actions undertaken in the implementation of village regulations

and the village government.

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According to Article 1 Number 2 of Law Number 6 of 2014, the Village Government is

"Implementing Government Affairs and the Interests of the Local Community in the Unitary State

Government System of the Republic of Indonesia." Then, according to Article 23 of Law Number 6 of

2014, the village government is held over the village government. At the same time, the village

government contains Article 25 of the Law, which is seen to be led by the village head and assisted by

village officials.

The research results indicate that the Village Consultative Body at the Village Government in

Simpang Village, Residents Outside Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar Regency, has executed supervisory

functions in the domains of village government administration, village development, community

development, community empowerment, disaster management, emergency, and urgent situations.

According to Mr. Mukhlis, chairman of the Village Consultative Body at the Simpang Village

Government, Residents Outside Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar Regency, all village government actions are

always monitored and supervised, either directly or indirectly, to determine whether there are

deviations from laws and regulations.

Based on this information, it can be concluded that the village consultative body has carried out

direct or indirect supervision on all forms of action of the Simpang Village Government and residents

outside Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar Regency. Direct supervision is carried out by visiting a unit or work

section that is supervised. Meanwhile, indirect supervision is carried out by attaching reports in

writing or orally.

Based on information from Mr. M.Isra as a member of the Village Consultative Body, several

ways of supervision have been carried out on the implementation of the Simpang Village Government

for Residents Outside Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar Regency, including:

1. Supervise all actions taken by the implementation of village regulations.

2. In the event of irregularities, the Village Consultative Body gives a familial reprimand.

3. The Village Consultative Body will clarify in a village meeting chaired by the chairman of the Village

Consultative Body

4. If there is a problem that is very difficult to solve, the BPD will provide sanctions or warnings by

applicable laws and regulations, such as reporting to the sub-district head and regent for follow-

Suppose the supervision results in a violation of village regulations or village regulations are

not running as they should. In that case, the Village Consultative Body will promptly reprimand and

advise the village head and officials and discuss this with the village government. Likewise, the

management of village funds is always supervised by the Village Consultative Body, which involves

the police and the prosecutor's office.

Based on the above exposure, it can be concluded that the supervisory function carried out by

the Village Consultative Body for the Village Government of Simpang Warga Luar Aluh, Aluh-Aluh

District, Banjar Regency, has been carried out quite well based on Law Number 6 of 2014 and its

Implementation Regulations with the existence of such supervision, of course, it is hoped that it can

prevent or at least minimize the occurrence of irregularities in the Implementation of Village

Government, Such as village regulations, village funds, and others.

Implementation of BPD Supervision Function in Simpang Village, Residents Outside Aluh-Aluh

District, Banjar Regency. From the description above, it can be seen that the BPD's supervisory

function has run well because it is carried out based on the applicable regulations of Law Number 6

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of 2014 concerning Villages so that it can minimize the occurrence of irregularities in the

implementation of Village regulations and APBDes.

Factors that affect the implementation of the Village Consultative Body's supervision function

over the Simpang Village Government, Residents Outside Aluh-Aluh District, and Banjar

Regency.

Supervision can be defined as the process of determining performance measures and taking

actions that can support the achievement of expected results based on the performance that has been

set. It ensures that all activities are carried out according to plan. Supervision is directed entirely to

avoid the possibility of misappropriation or deviation from the goals that will be achieved. It is hoped

that supervision can help implement the policies to achieve the planned goals effectively and

efficiently.

Based on some of the abovementioned concepts, it clearly shows how important supervision is

as a foreign exchange for a management affair with adequate supervision. It is hoped that Dappat's

plan will be well achieved. Then, through supervision, deviations from the plan can be known so that

they can be resolved as they should.

Supervisors are important for private and public organizations such as village governments.

Authorized institutions must supervise the implementation of the village government. Based on

Article 55 of Law Number 6 of 2014, it is clear that the Village Consultative Body's function is to

supervise the village head's performance. Based on the results of the research, the village consultative

body has supervised the Simpang Village Government, residents outside Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar

Regency. However, the implementation of the Supervision function of the Village Consultative Body

is influenced by several factors, namely:

1. Driving factors

a. Community support/participation in BPD

Based an interview with Mr. Mukhlis revealed that the community plays a pivotal role in the

success of BPD in carrying out its functions. The level of support, welcome, and appreciation from the

community provides BPD with greater capacity to fulfill its duties. This support encompasses not only

the numerous aspirations that arise but also the implementation of Pardes. The will and enthusiasm

of the community facilitate the implementation of all decisions made by the BPD and the village

government.Community participation, both in the form of aspirations and the implementation of

decisions, plays a pivotal role in the execution of BPD's supervisory duties and functions..

This is based on an interview with Mr. M. Isra, who added that the community's support and

participation are invaluable for us in carrying out the duties and supervisory functions of the BPD,

which can be a driving factor in implementing the government.

b. Good Cooperation Relationship between BPD and Village Government

Based an interview with Mrs. Karminah revealed that the implementation of BPD supervisory

duties and functions in Simpang Warga Luar Village is influenced by several factors, including the

pattern of cooperative relationships. The creation of a harmonious relationship between BPD and the

Village Government is crucial for the success of BPD. This harmonious relationship is based on mutual

respect, the intention to help each other, and the reminder of each other's duties. This harmonious

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relationship is predicated on shared objectives and interests, namely the enhancement of the village

community.As a partner element in implementing village government, BPD and Village Government

are always aware of an equal position between the two..

Based on an interview with Mrs. Jainap, she added that the pattern of cooperative relations

between the BPD and the village government has been going well. The BPD has always been involved

or coordinated in the development process, both those that have been and are being planned.

2. Inhibiting Factors

a. Lack of allowances given to BPD members

Based on an interview with Mr. Mukhlis, he said that the provision of allowances or income is

also an influential factor in spurring BPD's performance to be better and is a form of government

appreciation and concern for BPD.

Based on an interview with Mr. Hairunnisa, the government's allowances are still very minimal,

so we have to find a side job. This sometimes makes members prioritize their duties. The allowances

provided for BPD members are not enough to meet the needs of their families. The salary or allowance

provided only comes from the village government's village operational fund, and the provision is

erratic every month.

b. Facilities and infrastructure

Based on an interview with Mr. Mukhlis, who said that to support the performance of BPD

members, facilities and infrastructure, such as places or offices, are needed as the center of activities.

There is no special place for BPD as a center for administrative activities like other legislative

institutions. Operational facilities are also an influential factor in the smooth performance of BPD.

Although BPD only works on a village scale, this is also an influential factor.

Based on an interview with Mr. Mukhlis, who said that the facilities and infrastructure in

Simpang Warga Luar Village are still inadequate, such as the BPD's place or office that does not yet

exist, the BPD should have its own office space and not join the village head's office as a partner.

Therefore, the BPD's duties and supervisory functions will be hampered in carrying out.

c. Lack of human resources to fill BPD membership

Based on an interview with Mrs. Karminah, one of the factors hindering the implementation of

the main tasks and supervisory functions of BPD in Simpang Warga Luar Village is the low availability

of human resources. Where some BPD members do not know their duties and functions, so they still

need direction and guidance from parties who are considered capable, especially the village

community empowerment office and village institutions as the parties responsible for coaching

Institutional, later, BPD members will have more knowledge and good insight into the government so

that these people can communicate well with the community and the village government.

d. There is a society that is pro and con to every decision made

Based on an interview with Mr. Mukhlis, who said that the community is not only a supporting

factor but can also be an inhibiting factor when in determining a decision, there is a community that

is in contravention; this is not the entire community can accept all decisions made by the BPD and the

Village Government. Some of the policies issued sometimes receive a variety of pro and con responses

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from the public. The existence of a counter-response can undoubtedly hinder the steps of the BPD and

the Village Government in implementing the policy.

Based on an interview with Mr. Akhmadi, BPD must be able to understand the conditions that

exist in the community. The community is sometimes able to be a supporter or an obstacle. This is

because the level of education or human resources of the community is different. Therefore,

innovation is needed from BPD so that all its activities can be realized and well accepted by the

community.

The implementation of BPD's supervisory duties and functions is not without its challenges.

The factors impeding the effective execution of these duties and functions include the inadequate

allocation of facilities and infrastructure resources to BPD members, the shortage of personnel to

fulfill BPD membership roles, and the presence of individuals who express ambivalent or

contradictory views regarding BPD decisions.

Conclusion

Based in accordance with Article 55 of the BPD, the following functions are to be executed:

Firstly, discussions and agreements concerning village regulations are to be conducted.Secondly, the

aspirations of village communities are to be accommodated and distributed.Thirdly, performance

supervision of village heads in Simpang Village and residents outside the Aluh-Aluh District of Banjar

Regency is to be conducted. The implementation of the primary tasks of the BPD of Simpang Warga

Luar Village has not been fully executed; this can be seen from the primary tasks that have been

carried out by the BPD, namely accommodating and channeling the aspirations of the community,

forming a committee for the election of the Village Head, the process of discussing and determining

Village regulations together with the Village Head. The Village Planning Agency (BPD), in carrying out

the supervisory function of the Simpang Village Government Outside Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar

Regency, is influenced by two factors: supporting factors and inhibiting factors. The supporting

factors in this case are community support/participation in BPD and the existence of good

cooperative relations between BPD and the Village Government. Conversely, factors that impede the

BPD's effectiveness include inadequate infrastructure, a shortage of human resources to fulfill BPD

membership, and the presence of a community that holds divergent views on BPD decisions.

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