Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024
E-ISSN: 2723 - 6692
P-ISSN: 2723 - 6595
http://jiss.publikasiindonesia.id/
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 2890
Description of Stress and Cognitive Function in Patients Non-
Hemorrhagic Stroke at Tugurejo Hospital in 2022
Fathinah Hanin, Siti Istiqomah Khamsiyati, Romadhoni
Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Indonesia
Email: fatinahhanin31@gmail.com, ekinistiqomahbaru@gmail.com
Correspondence: fatinahhanin31@gmail.com
*
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Patient Safety Incident;
underreporting; Patient
Safety Culture; Perception;
Nurses
Stroke is the main cause of death in Indonesia, the incidence has
increased from 7% to 10%, of which 74% have ischemic strokes.
Stress is common in stroke patients. According to research
conducted, 58.8% of stroke survivors experienced severe stress, and
60% of stroke survivors experienced decreased or decreased
cognitive function after stroke. The research objective was to
describe stress and cognitive function in order to reduce stress
levels and cognitive function in non-hemorrhagic patients at
Tugurejo Hospital in 2022. This type of research is a quantitative
descriptive analysis with a cross sectional design. The study
population consisted of post-stroke patients who were diagnosed in
2022 by doctors at Tugurejo General Hospital and met the inclusion
criteria, namely the Mini Mental State Exam Test Questionnaire
(MMSE) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) as research
instruments, then the data were analyzed using univariate analysis.
The total sample consisted of 40 respondents who were analyzed by
univariate. The results of the study describing stress levels in non-
hemorrhagic stroke patients at Tugurejo Hospital in 2022 showed
that 35% had normal stress levels and 65% had abnormal stress
levels. while the picture of cognitive function in non-hemorrhagic
stroke patients showed normal results in 32% and impaired
cognitive function in 67.5%. Description of stress and cognitive
function in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients at Tuguurejo General
Hospital in 2022. Based on risk factors, gender, age, education,
occupation, pre-existing conditions and stroke onset, the results
showed abnormal levels of stress and disruption of cognitive
function.
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Introduction
Stress is an adaptive response that is individualized, so the stress response will differ from one
person to another. Stress is a response to the fight or flight, which is the body's response to something.
Stress is an abnormal condition of hemostasis that causes changes in physiological and emotional
balance, this is due to external stimuli to the physical. Repeated and sudden emotional stress, both
positive and negative, can trigger stroke and even worsen the situation in stroke patients.(Nasib Tua
e-ISSN: 2723-6692 p-ISSN: 2723-6595
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 2891
Lumban Gaol, 2016)
,
(Putri & Herlina, 2021)
,
(Z.Goldfinger et al., 2014) Stress is common in stroke patients.
According to a study of stroke patients, 58.8% of stroke patients experienced severe stress (Marbun
et al., 2016).
Stroke is a neurological dysfunction caused by non-traumatic or traumatic cerebral circulation
abnormalities. This neurological disorder causes symptoms such as paralysis of the face or limbs,
aphasia, slurred speech, altered consciousness, blurred vision, and so on (Lindsay et al., 2019). Based
on the number of major causes of disability, death and emergencies in neurological diseases is
occupied by stroke. Reporting from WHO (world health organization), stroke is the third most deadly
disease in the world. Meanwhile, according to RISKESDAS in 2018, showing that stroke is the number
one cause of death in Indonesia, the incidence of stroke has increased from 7% to 10% (Kim et al.,
2020).
Research conducted by Tarwoto in 2021 states that 97.5% of strokes occur at the age of over
35 years (Tarwoto, 2021). Non-hemorrhagic stroke or ischemic stroke is more common than
hemorrhagic stroke. From research conducted by Hsie on stroke patients, 74% of them experienced
ischemic stroke (Dudung et al., 2015). Stroke can cause dysfunction in the neurobehavioral areas of the
brain, which can result in psychiatric symptoms such as post-stroke depression. Depression occurs
as a result of post-stroke complications, which are then associated with impaired healing, activity or
social support, and cognitive function (Boletimi et al., 2021).
Behavioral neurology explains what cognitive function means. It is the process by which
sensory stimuli such as auditory and tactile stimuli are transformed, processed, stored, and used to
seamlessly connect interneurons. This allows people to think about sensory stimuli. 60% of stroke
survivors are affected by cognitive dysfunction or cognitive function abnormalities post-stroke.
The results of research conducted in November-December 2015 at the Neurology Polyclinic of
Arifin Ahmad Riau Hospital proved that 38 out of 41 respondents experienced impaired cognitive
function (Alsharif & Qurashi, 2021).
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"Say in truth: My prayer, my worship, my life and my death are for Allah, the Lord of the
Worlds". (Q.S. Al-An'am: 162).
By prioritizing Allah SWT, it is expected that the body's hormones and reactions can move
normally and calmly. This will certainly respond positively to mental health, physical, cognitive
function and stress for stroke patients. So it is hoped that humans will always be positive thinking
(prejudiced) towards everything Allah's decree (Vogrig et al., 2021).
Previous studies, such as those conducted at the Neurology Polyclinic of Arifin Ahmad Riau
Hospital, have indicated a high prevalence of cognitive impairment among stroke patients. However,
most of these studies have only focused on general stroke populations or have primarily examined
hemorrhagic stroke without a detailed exploration of the factors affecting non-hemorrhagic stroke
patients specifically.
This study makes a significant contribution to the field by specifically focusing on non-
hemorrhagic stroke patients at Tugurejo Hospital, assessing both stress levels and cognitive function
in this particular population. The novelty of this research lies in its emphasis on understanding the
combined impact of stress and cognitive impairment in a specific setting and population, providing a
more tailored insight into the challenges faced by these patients.
e-ISSN: 2723-6692 p-ISSN: 2723-6595
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 2892
Unlike previous studies, this research utilizes the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) and
Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) for a comprehensive assessment of both cognitive
function and stress in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients. Additionally, this study investigates factors
such as gender, age, education, occupation, pre-existing conditions, and stroke onset to determine
their relationship with stress and cognitive outcomes.
This unique approach allows for a more in-depth understanding of the factors contributing to
cognitive and emotional health in post-stroke patients, particularly those with non-hemorrhagic
conditions, thereby highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address both psychological
and cognitive rehabilitation in this specific group.
Based on the description above, it has not been explained how the description of stress and
cognitive function in non-hemorrhagic patients will be carried out at Tugurejo Hospital in 2021-2022.
Therefore, it is necessary to carry out more in-depth research on stress and cognitive function in non-
hemorrhagic patients needed in stroke patients. This study aims to provide an overview of follow-up
research to reduce stress levels and cognitive function in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients at
Tugurejo Hospital in 2022.
Research Methods
This study was conducted in August 2022/September 2022 at RSUD Tugurejo Semarang. This
study is one of descriptive analytic research using cross sectional design. The population that will be
used is post-stroke patients diagnosed in 2022 by doctors at Tugurejo Hospital. Then obtained a
sample size determined using the Lemeshow formula, and the data obtained from the population in
the study required a sample of 40 people.
The sampling criteria were non-hemorrhagic post-stroke patients who were being treated at
Tugurejo Hospital, age >35 years, compos mentis. Exclusion criteria for research samples that were
excluded from the research sample were post-ischemic stroke patients who were mentally disabled,
had aphasia, and had hearing loss, such as ear infections and ear surgery.
The method in determining the sample uses purposive sampling. The variables used were
stress, cognitive function and post-stroke patients. The data collection method uses medical record
data consisting of age, gender, and history of disease, and stroke onset.
In this study, data analysis was performed using descriptive data analysis, namely univariate
analysis to describe the distribution and percentage of data simply to find the variables studied.
Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethical certificate of the ethics committee responsible for
health research (KEPK) from RSUD Tugurejo Semarang with No. 080/ KEPK.EC/ IX/ 2022.
Results and Discussion
Stress level of non-hemorrhagic stroke patients at RSUD Tugurejo
ξ₯³ξŸ€ ξ˜‡ξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‹ξš„ξš—ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽ
Table 1. Distribution of stress levels of non-hemorrhagic stroke patients
at Tugurejo Hospital
Stress Level
Frequency
Percentage (%)
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ξ˜ξš‡ξš†ξš‹ξš—ξš
ξ₯»
ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
e-ISSN: 2723-6692 p-ISSN: 2723-6595
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 2893
ξ˜šξš‡ξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξš–
ξ₯Ή
ξ₯³ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ˜™ξš‡ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‡ξšƒξš˜ξš›
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ξ˜—ξš‘ξš–ξšƒξšŽ
ξ₯Άξ₯²
ξ₯³ξ₯²ξ₯²ξ˜ƒξ¦¨
ξ˜–ξš‘ξš—ξš”ξš…ξš‡ξŸ£ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜‡ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš‡ξšξšƒξš”ξšƒξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξ Œ
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšŒξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒ
ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš‰ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš—ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξ₯΅ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξŸ€
ξ₯΄ξŸ€ ξ˜‡ξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‹ξš„ξš—ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‰ξš‡ξšξš†ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξ˜ƒ
ξ˜—ξšƒξš„ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜‡ξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‹ξš„ξš—ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‰ξš‡ξšξš†ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξ˜ƒ
Stress Level
Total
Normal
Lightweight
Medium
Weight
Very Heavy
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
8
20
3
7,5
3
7,5
4
10
2
5
20
50
6
15
3
7,5
6
15
3
7,5
2
5
20
50
14
35
6
15
9
22,5
7
17,5
4
10
40
100
ξ˜–ξš‘ξš—ξš”ξš…ξš‡ξŸ£ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜‡ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš‡ξšξšƒξš”ξšƒξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξ Œ
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš•ξš–ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒ
ξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš”ξšƒξšξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ¦¨ξŸ€
ξ₯΅ξŸ€ ξ˜‡ξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‹ξš„ξš—ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒ
Table 3. Distribution of stress levels of non-hemorrhagic stroke patients based on age
Gender
Stress Level
Total
Normal
Lightweight
Medium
Weight
Very Heavy
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
40-49
1
2,5
0
0
0
0
1
2,5
0
0
2
5
50-59
3
7,5
3
7,5
7
17,5
3
7,5
3
7,5
19
47,5
60-69
7
17,5
3
7,5
1
2,5
3
7,5
1
2,5
15
37,5
> 69
3
7,5
0
0
1
2,5
0
0
0
0
4
10
40-49
14
35
6
15
9
22,5
7
17,5
4
10
40
100
ξ˜—ξš‘ξš–ξšƒξšŽ
1
2,5
0
0
0
0
1
2,5
0
0
2
5
ξ˜–ξš‘ξš—ξš”ξš…ξš‡ξŸ£ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜‡ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš‡ξšξšƒξš”ξšƒξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξ Œ
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšŒξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ
ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒξ₯·ξ₯²ξŸ¦ξ₯·ξ₯»ξ˜ƒξš›ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš†ξš‡ξš”ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš‰ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒξ₯Έξ₯²ξŸ¦ξ₯Έξ₯»ξ˜ƒξš›ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš‰ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš—ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒ
ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξ₯³ξ₯ΉξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξš‡ξšƒξš…ξšŠξŸ€
ξ₯ΆξŸ€ ξ˜‡ξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‹ξš„ξš—ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‡ξš†ξš—ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒ
Table 4. Distribution of stress levels of non-hemorrhagic stroke patients
based on education level
Education Level
Stress Level
Total
Normal
Lightweight
Medium
Weight
Very
Heavy
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
Not in school
did not finish
elementary school
2
5
0
0
1
2,5
1
2,5
0
0
4
10
e-ISSN: 2723-6692 p-ISSN: 2723-6595
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 2894
Elementary School
4
10
1
2,5
4
10
1
2,5
2
5
12
30
Junior High School
3
7,5
1
2,5
0
0
1
2,5
0
0
5
12,5
High School
4
10
2
5
3
7,5
4
10
2
5
15
37,5
College
Graduate/Bachelor's
Degree
1
2,5
2
5
1
2,5
0
0
0
0
4
10
ξ˜—ξš‘ξš–ξšƒξšŽ
14
35
6
15
9
22,5
7
17,5
4
10
40
100
ξ˜–ξš‘ξš—ξš”ξš…ξš‡ξŸ£ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜‡ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš‡ξšξšƒξš”ξšƒξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξ Œ
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšŒξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξšƒξš…ξš…ξš‘ξš”ξš†ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš‡ξš†ξš—ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ
ξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš‡ξšŽξš‡ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξšƒξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš…ξšŠξš‘ξš‘ξšŽξ˜ƒ ξš‰ξš”ξšƒξš†ξš—ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒ ξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξš†ξš‡ξš”ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš‰ξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒ ξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš…ξšŠξš‘ξš‘ξšŽξ˜ƒ
ξš‰ξš”ξšƒξš†ξš—ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš•ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš‰ξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‡ξšƒξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξ₯³ξ₯²ξ¦¨ξŸ€
ξ₯·ξŸ€ ξ˜‡ξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‹ξš„ξš—ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξš›ξš’ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš™ξš‘ξš”ξš
Table 5. Distribution of stress levels of non-hemorrhagic stroke patients
based on type of work
Jobs
Stress Level
Total
Normal
Lightweight
Medium
Weight
Very
Heavy
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
ξ˜Œξ˜•ξ˜—
ξ₯Έ
ξ₯³ξ₯·
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯Έ
ξ₯Άξ₯²
ξ˜–ξš‡ξšŽξšˆξŸ¦
ξš‡ξšξš’ξšŽξš‘ξš›ξš‡ξš†ξ €ξ˜ξš‡ξš”ξš…ξšŠξšƒξšξš–
ξ₯΅
ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯Ή
ξ₯³ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ˜ˆξšξš’ξšŽξš‘ξš›ξš‡ξš‡ξ €ξ˜ξšƒξš„ξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξš”
ξ₯Ά
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯Ά
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯΅
ξ₯΅ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ˜—ξš‡ξšƒξš…ξšŠξš‡ξš”
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜–
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ˜—ξš‘ξš–ξšƒξšŽ
ξ₯³ξ₯Ά
ξ₯΅ξ₯·
ξ₯Έ
ξ₯³ξ₯·
ξ₯»
ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯Ή
ξ₯³ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯Ά
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯Άξ₯²
ξ₯³ξ₯²ξ₯²
ξ˜–ξš‘ξš—ξš”ξš…ξš‡ξŸ£ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜‡ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš‡ξšξšƒξš”ξšƒξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξ Œ
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšξšƒξšŒξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒ
ξšƒξš…ξš…ξš‘ξš”ξš†ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš‘ξš…ξš…ξš—ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‘ξš—ξš•ξš‡ξš™ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš‰ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš—ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξ₯³ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξŸ€
ξ₯ΈξŸ€ ξ˜‡ξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‹ξš„ξš—ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš•ξš–ξ˜ƒξšξš‡ξš†ξš‹ξš…ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš‘ξš”ξš›
Table 6. Distribution of stress levels of non-hemorrhagic stroke patients based on past
medical history
Disease History
Stress Level
Total
Normal
Lightweight
Medium
Weight
Very
Heavy
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
Seizures
11
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
Hyper tension
0
0
0
0
1
2,5
0
0
0
0
1
2,5
Vertigo
5
12,5
2
5
4
10
2
5
1
2,5
14
35
DM
0
0
0
0
1
2,5
0
0
0
0
1
2,5
Koles terol
3
7,5
3
7,5
3
7,5
4
10
0
0
13
32,5
Trauma
5
12,5
1
2,5
0
0
0
0
3
7,5
9
22,5
Total
1
2,5
0
0
0
0
1
2,5
0
0
2
5
ξ˜–ξš‘ξš—ξš”ξš…ξš‡ξŸ£ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜‡ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš‡ξšξšƒξš”ξšƒξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξ Œ
e-ISSN: 2723-6692 p-ISSN: 2723-6595
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 2895
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšξšƒξšŒξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš…ξš…ξš‘ξš”ξš†ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš‹ξš”ξ˜ƒ
ξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš˜ξš‹ξš‘ξš—ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš‡ξš†ξš‹ξš…ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšŠξš›ξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš–ξš‡ξšξš•ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš…ξšŠξš‘ξšŽξš‡ξš•ξš–ξš‡ξš”ξš‘ξšŽξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš‰ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ
ξ₯³ξ₯΄ξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξš‡ξšƒξš…ξšŠξŸ€ξ˜ƒ
ξ₯ΉξŸ€ ξ˜‡ξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‹ξš„ξš—ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξš•ξš‡ξš–
Table 7. Distribution of stress levels of non-hemorrhagic stroke patients based on
stroke onset
ξ˜’ξšξš•ξš‡ξš–ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜–ξš–ξš‘ξšξš‡
ξ˜–ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξ˜ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽ
ξ˜—ξš‘ξš–ξšƒξšŽ
ξ˜‘ξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽ
ξ˜ξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξš–ξš™ξš‡ξš‹ξš‰ξšŠ
ξš–
ξ˜ξš‡ξš†ξš‹ξš—ξš
ξ˜šξš‡ξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξš–
ξ˜™ξš‡ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‡ξšƒξš˜ξš›












ξ₯³ξŸ¦ξ₯³ξ₯΄ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜ξš‘ξšξš–ξšŠξš•
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯΄ξ₯·
ξ₯΅
ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯Ά
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯΄ξ₯Ά
ξ₯Έξ₯²
ξ₯³ξ₯΅ξŸ¦ξ₯΄ξ₯Άξ˜ƒ
ξ˜ξš‘ξšξš–ξšŠξš•
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯΅
ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯΄ξ₯·ξŸ¦ξ₯΅ξ₯Έξ˜ƒ
ξ˜ξš‘ξšξš–ξšŠξš•
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯΅
ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯΅ξ₯Έξ˜ƒ
ξ˜ξš‘ξšξš–ξšŠξš•
ξ₯΅
ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯΅
ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯΅
ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯΄ξ₯·
ξ˜—ξš‘ξš–ξšƒξšŽ
ξ₯³ξ₯Ά
ξ₯΅ξ₯·
ξ₯Έ
ξ₯³ξ₯·
ξ₯»
ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯Ή
ξ₯³ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯Ά
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯Άξ₯²
ξ₯³ξ₯²ξ₯²
ξ˜–ξš‘ξš—ξš”ξš…ξš‡ξŸ£ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜‡ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš‡ξšξšƒξš”ξšƒξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξ Œ
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšξšƒξšŒξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒ
ξšƒξš…ξš…ξš‘ξš”ξš†ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξš•ξš‡ξš–ξ˜ƒξš™ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξ₯³ξŸ¦ξ₯³ξ₯΄ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξš–ξšŠξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš‰ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš—ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξŸ€ξ˜ƒ
Cognitive function in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients at RSUD Tugurejo
ξ₯³ξŸ€ ξ˜‡ξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‹ξš„ξš—ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽ
Table 8. Distribution of cognitive function in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients
at Tugurejo Hospital
Level of Cognitive Function
Frequency
Percentage (%)
ξ˜‘ξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽ
ξ₯³ξ₯΅
ξ₯΅ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ˜ξš‹ξšŽξš†ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš’ξšƒξš‹ξš”ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξš
ξ₯³ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ˜ξš‘ξš†ξš‡ξš”ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš’ξšƒξš‹ξš”ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξš
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯΄ξ₯·ξŸ‘ξ₯²
ξ˜–ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš’ξšƒξš‹ξš”ξšξš‡ξšξš–
ξ₯Έ
ξ₯³ξ₯·ξŸ‘ξ₯²
ξ˜—ξš‘ξš–ξšƒξšŽ
ξ₯Άξ₯²
ξ₯³ξ₯²ξ₯²ξ˜ƒξ¦¨
ξ˜–ξš‘ξš—ξš”ξš…ξš‡ξŸ£ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜‡ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš‡ξšξšƒξš”ξšƒξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξ Œ
ξ˜ξš‘ξš•ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξ₯΅ξ₯΄ξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒ
ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš‰ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξŸ€ξ˜ƒ
ξ₯΄ξŸ€ ξ˜‡ξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‹ξš„ξš—ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‰ξš‡ξšξš†ξš‡ξš”
Table 9. Distribution of cognitive function of non-hemorrhagic stroke
patients based on gender
e-ISSN: 2723-6692 p-ISSN: 2723-6595
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 2896
Gender
Cognitive Function
Total
Normal
Lightweight
Medium
Weight
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
ξ˜ξšƒξšŽξš‡
ξ₯Έ
ξ₯³ξ₯·
ξ₯»
ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯΅
ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯΄ξ₯²
ξ₯·ξ₯²
ξ˜“ξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξš
ξš’ξš—ξšƒξš
ξ₯Ή
ξ₯³ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯Ή
ξ₯³ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯Ά
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯΄ξ₯²
ξ₯·ξ₯²
ξ˜—ξš‘ξš–ξšƒξšŽ
ξ₯³ξ₯΅
ξ₯΅ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯΄ξ₯·
ξ₯Έ
ξ₯³ξ₯·
ξ₯Άξ₯²
ξ₯³ξ₯²ξ₯²
ξ˜–ξš‘ξš—ξš”ξš…ξš‡ξŸ£ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜‡ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš‡ξšξšƒξš”ξšƒξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξ Œ
ξ˜…ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš‰ξš‡ξšξš†ξš‡ξš”ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξš•ξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš™ξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšŽξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš‰ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‹ξšŽξš†ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš’ξšƒξš‹ξš”ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξŸ€ξ˜ƒ
ξ₯΅ξŸ€ ξ˜‡ξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‹ξš„ξš—ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš‡
Table 10. Distribution of cognitive function of non-hemorrhagic stroke patients based on age
Age
Cognitive Function
Total
Normal
Lightweight
Medium
Weight
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
ξ₯Άξ₯²ξŸ¦ξ₯Άξ₯»ξ˜ƒξ˜œξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš•
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯·ξ₯²ξŸ¦ξ₯·ξ₯»ξ˜ƒξ˜œξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš•
ξ₯Έ
ξ₯³ξ₯·
ξ₯Έ
ξ₯³ξ₯·
ξ₯΅
ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯Ά
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯³ξ₯»
ξ₯Άξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯Έξ₯²ξŸ¦ξ₯Έξ₯»ξ˜ƒξ˜œξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš•
ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯Ά
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯Ά
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯·
ξ₯΅ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ¦΅ξ˜ƒξ₯Έξ₯»ξ˜ƒξ˜œξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš•
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯Ά
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ˜—ξš‘ξš–ξšƒξšŽ
ξ₯³ξ₯΅
ξ₯΅ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯΄ξ₯·
ξ₯Έ
ξ₯³ξ₯·
ξ₯Άξ₯²
ξ₯³ξ₯²ξ₯²
ξ˜–ξš‘ξš—ξš”ξš…ξš‡ξŸ£ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜‡ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš‡ξšξšƒξš”ξšƒξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξ Œ
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšŒξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξšξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒ
ξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξ₯·ξ₯²ξŸ¦ξ₯·ξ₯»ξ˜ƒξš›ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξšξš‹ξšŽξš†ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš’ξšƒξš‹ξš”ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš—ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξ₯³ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξš‡ξšƒξš…ξšŠξŸ€ξ˜ƒ
ξ₯ΆξŸ€ ξ˜‡ξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‹ξš„ξš—ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξšξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš…ξš…ξš‘ξš”ξš†ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξš‡ξš†ξš—ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ
ξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽ
Table 11. Distribution of cognitive function in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients
according to education level
Education Level
Stress Level
Total
Normal
Lightweight
Medium
Weight
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
Not in school
did not finish
elementary school
0
0
0
0
2
5
2
5
4
10
Elementary School
1
2,5
3
7,5
5
12,5
3
7,5
12
30
Junior High School
1
2,5
2
5
2
5
0
0
5
12,5
High School
7
17,5
6
15
1
2,5
1
2,5
15
37,5
College
Graduate/Bachelor's
Degree
4
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
10
e-ISSN: 2723-6692 p-ISSN: 2723-6595
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 2897
ξ˜—ξš‘ξš–ξšƒξšŽ
ξ₯³ξ₯΅
ξ₯΅ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯΄ξ₯·
ξ₯Έ
ξ₯³ξ₯·
ξ₯Άξ₯²
ξ₯³ξ₯²ξ₯²
ξ˜–ξš‘ξš—ξš”ξš…ξš‡ξŸ£ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜‡ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš‡ξšξšƒξš”ξšƒξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξ Œ
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšŒξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξšξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒ
ξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‡ξš†ξš—ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξ˜ƒξš•ξš…ξšŠξš‘ξš‘ξšŽξ˜ƒξš‰ξš”ξšƒξš†ξš—ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš‰ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš—ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξ₯³ξ₯ΉξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξŸ€ξ˜ƒ
ξ₯·ξŸ€ ξ˜‡ξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‹ξš„ξš—ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξš…ξš…ξš—ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξš
Tabel 12. Distribution of cognitive function of non-hemorrhagic stroke patients based on
occupation
Jobs
Cognitive Function
Total
Normal
Lightweight
Medium
Weight
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
ξ˜Œξ˜•ξ˜—
4
10
2
5
7
17,5
3
7,5
ξ₯³ξ₯Έ
ξ₯Άξ₯²
ξ˜–ξš‡ξšŽξšˆξŸ¦
ξš‡ξšξš’ξšŽξš‘ξš›ξš‡ξš†ξ €ξ˜ξš‡ξš”ξš…ξšŠξšƒξšξš–
4
10
1
2,5
0
0
2
5
ξ₯Ή
ξ₯³ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ˜ˆξšξš’ξšŽξš‘ξš›ξš‡ξš‡ξ €ξ˜ξšƒξš„ξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξš”
1
2,5
8
20
3
7,5
1
2,5
ξ₯³ξ₯΅
ξ₯΅ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ˜—ξš‡ξšƒξš…ξšŠξš‡ξš”
2
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜–
2
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ˜—ξš‘ξš–ξšƒξšŽ
13
32,5
11
27,5
10
25
6
15
ξ₯Άξ₯²
ξ₯³ξ₯²ξ₯²
ξ˜–ξš‘ξš—ξš”ξš…ξš‡ξŸ£ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜‡ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš‡ξšξšƒξš”ξšƒξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξ Œ
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšŒξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξš…ξš…ξš—ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‘ξš—ξš•ξš‡ξš™ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš†ξš‡ξš”ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš‰ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš—ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξ₯³ξ₯ΉξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξŸ€ξ˜ƒ
ξ₯ΈξŸ€ ξ˜‡ξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‹ξš„ξš—ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξšξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ
ξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš˜ξš‹ξš‘ξš—ξš•ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‹ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš‡
Table 13. Distribution of cognitive function in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients based
on history of previous disease
Past Medical
History
Cognitive Function
Total
Normal
Lightweight
Medium
Weight
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
ξ˜–ξš‡ξš‹ξšœξš—ξš”ξš‡ξš•
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ˜‹ξš›ξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš–ξš‡ξšξš•ξš‹ξš‘ξš
ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯΅
ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯Ά
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯Ά
ξ₯΅ξ₯·
ξ˜™ξš‡ξš”ξš–ξš‹ξš‰ξš‘
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ˜‡ξ˜
ξ₯Ά
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯Ά
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯΅
ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯΅
ξ₯΅ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ˜†ξšŠξš‘ξšŽξš‡ξš•ξš–ξš‡ξš”ξš‘ξšŽ
ξ₯΅
ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯΅
ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯»
ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ˜—ξš”ξšƒξš—ξšξšƒ
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ˜—ξš‘ξš–ξšƒξšŽ
ξ₯³ξ₯΅
ξ₯΅ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯΄ξ₯·
ξ₯Έ
ξ₯³ξ₯·
ξ₯Άξ₯²
ξ₯³ξ₯²ξ₯²
ξ˜–ξš‘ξš—ξš”ξš…ξš‡ξŸ£ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜‡ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš‡ξšξšƒξš”ξšƒξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξ Œ
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšŒξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ
ξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš˜ξš‹ξš‘ξš—ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšŽξšŽξšξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšŠξš›ξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš–ξš‡ξšξš•ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš‰ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš—ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξ₯³ξ₯΄ξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξŸ€ξ˜ƒ
ξ₯ΉξŸ€ ξ˜‡ξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‹ξš„ξš—ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξš•ξš‡ξš–
Table 14. Distribution of cognitive function in non-hemorrhagic
stroke patients based on stroke onset
e-ISSN: 2723-6692 p-ISSN: 2723-6595
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 2898
ξ˜–ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξ˜’ξšξš•ξš‡ξš–
ξ˜†ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξ˜‰ξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξš
ξ˜—ξš‘ξš–ξšƒξšŽ
ξ˜‘ξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽ
ξ˜ξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξš–ξš™ξš‡ξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξš–
ξ˜ξš‡ξš†ξš‹ξš—ξš
ξ˜šξš‡ξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξš–










ξ₯³ξŸ¦ξ₯³ξ₯΄ξ˜ƒξ˜ξš‘ξšξš–ξšŠξš•
ξ₯»
ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯Ή
ξ₯³ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯Ά
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯Ά
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯΄ξ₯Ά
ξ₯Έξ₯²
ξ₯³ξ₯΅ξŸ¦ξ₯΄ξ₯Άξ˜ƒξ˜ξš‘ξšξš–ξšŠξš•
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯΅
ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯΄ξ₯·ξŸ¦ξ₯΅ξ₯Έξ˜ƒξ˜ξš‘ξšξš–ξšŠξš•
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯²
ξ₯²
ξ₯΅
ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯΅ξ₯Έξ˜ƒξ˜ξš‘ξšξš–ξšŠξš•
ξ₯΅
ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯΅
ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯΄
ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯΄ξ₯·
ξ˜—ξš‘ξš–ξšƒξšŽ
ξ₯³ξ₯΅
ξ₯΅ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯³
ξ₯΄ξ₯ΉξŸ‘ξ₯·
ξ₯³ξ₯²
ξ₯΄ξ₯·
ξ₯Έ
ξ₯³ξ₯·
ξ₯Άξ₯²
ξ₯³ξ₯²ξ₯²
ξ˜–ξš‘ξš—ξš”ξš…ξš‡ξŸ£ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜‡ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš‡ξšξšƒξš”ξšƒξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξ Œ
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšŒξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξšξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒ
ξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξš•ξš‡ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξ₯³ξŸ¦ξ₯³ξ₯΄ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξš–ξšŠξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš‰ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš—ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξŸ€ξ˜ƒ
Discussion
Description of the stress level of patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke at Tugurejo Hospital in
2022
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšƒξšŽξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš˜ξšƒξšŽξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξšŽξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ
ξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš‡ξšξšƒξš”ξšƒξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξ₯Άξ₯²ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξ˜„ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš•ξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš‡ξš’ξš–ξš‡ξšξš„ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξ˜ƒξš•ξšŠξš‘ξš™ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ
ξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšŒξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš—ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξ₯΅ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ₯³ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš†ξ˜ƒξšξš‹ξšŽξš†ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš†ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš†ξš‡ξš”ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξ₯³ξ₯ΉξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš†ξ˜ƒξš•ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξ₯³ξ₯²ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš†ξ˜ƒξš•ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξšŠξš‘ξš™ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ₯Έξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒ
ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš„ξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš•ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš”ξš‡ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒ
ξšŽξš‹ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš˜ξš‹ξš‘ξš—ξš•ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξ˜ξšƒξš‰ξš†ξšƒξšŽξš‡ξšξšƒξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜‡ξš”ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜‡ξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš›ξšŽξš˜ξšƒξšξš—ξš•ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξšƒξšŽξšƒξšξš‰ξšξšƒξ˜ƒξ˜•ξšƒξš›ξšƒξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒ
ξš”ξš‡ξšŽξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‹ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš•ξšŠξš‘ξš™ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ₯΅ξ₯΅ξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξš„ξšŒξš‡ξš…ξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯Ίξ₯ΈξŸ€ξ₯²ξ¦¨ξ Œξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒ
(Purba, 2019).
ξ˜“ξš‘ξš•ξš–ξŸ¦ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš’ξšŽξš‹ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξšŠξšƒξš”ξšƒξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξšœξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš‘ξš†ξ˜ƒξš•ξš™ξš‹ξšξš‰ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš•ξš‡ξšŽξšˆξŸ¦ξš„ξšŽξšƒξšξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš•ξšƒξš†ξšξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒ
ξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš†ξš‡ξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ€(Purba, 2019)ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξš‘ξš™ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒ ξš†ξš‹ξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒ ξšˆξš”ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξ˜‡ξš‡ξš™ξš‹ξ˜ƒ ξ˜“ξš‘ξšξš‰ξšƒξšξš–ξš—ξšξš‰ξ€΅ξš•ξ˜ƒ
ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‘ξš˜ξš‹ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ
ξ˜–ξš‘ξš—ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš—ξšŽξšƒξš™ξš‡ξš•ξš‹ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξš„ξšŒξš‡ξš…ξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‹ξš†ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξ €ξ˜ƒ
ξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš™ξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξ₯΅ξ₯Άξ˜ƒξš’ξš‡ξš‘ξš’ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯·ξ₯Έξ¦¨ξ Œξ˜ƒ(Pongantung & Rosdewi, 2022).
ξ˜ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‰ξš‡ξšξš†ξš‡ξš”ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš–ξ˜ƒξš™ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš—ξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ₯΅ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšˆξš‡ξšξšƒξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξšξ˜ƒ
ξšξšƒξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξšŽξš‹ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξ˜šξš‹ξšŽξšξš‹ξšξš•ξš‘ξšξ€΅ξš•ξ˜ƒξš˜ξš‹ξš‡ξš™ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‘ξšξš‡ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‹ξšξš‡ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒ
ξš„ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξš‘ξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš‡ξšξš˜ξš‹ξš”ξš‘ξšξšξš‡ξšξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš‘ξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšŽξš‘ξš™ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš”ξš‡ξš•ξšŠξš‘ξšŽξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξšξ˜ƒξšξš‡ξšξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‡ξšξšƒξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξš„ξš”ξšƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒ
ξšŠξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš‡ξš‰ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš˜ξš‹ξš‰ξš‹ξšŽξšƒξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšˆξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš‡ξš•ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš„ξš”ξšƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξšŽξšŽξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš‹ξšξš—ξšŽξšƒξš–ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš†ξš”ξš‡ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš‰ξšŽξšƒξšξš†ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš”ξšξ˜ƒ
ξš‡ξššξš…ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš”ξš–ξš‹ξš•ξš‘ξšŽξ˜ƒξšŠξš‘ξš”ξšξš‘ξšξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš—ξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξš•ξš‘ξš…ξš‹ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšŠξš‘ξš”ξšξš‘ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš•ξš–ξšƒξš„ξš‹ξšŽξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‡ξšξšƒξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξš„ξš‘ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš…ξš”ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš˜ξšƒξšŽξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš™ξš‘ξšξš‡ξšξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‘ξš™ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš–ξš”ξšƒξš†ξš‹ξš…ξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξ˜ξš—ξšξš‹ξš”ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒ
ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯³ξ₯Έξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‹ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš™ξš”ξš‘ξš–ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ§ξšŽξš—ξš‡ξšξš–ξš‹ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξšŽξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξš•ξšŠξš‹ξš’ξ˜ƒξš„ξš‡ξš–ξš™ξš‡ξš‡ξšξ˜ƒξš‰ξš‡ξšξš†ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš˜ξšƒξšŽξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ
ξš’ξš‘ξš•ξš–ξŸ¦ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒ(Purba, 2019)
ξ˜ƒ

ξ˜Œξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξ₯³ξ₯ΉξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš†ξš‡ξš”ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš•ξš–ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξšˆξš”ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξ₯·ξ₯²ξŸ¦ξ₯·ξ₯»ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš”ξš‡ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξ˜„ξš‰ξšξš‡ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšŠξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšξšƒξšŒξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξšξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš˜ξš‹ξš…ξš–ξš‹ξšξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒ ξ₯·ξ₯²ξ˜ƒ ξš›ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒ
ξš‘ξšŽξš†ξŸ€(Marbun et al., 2016)ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš„ξš‡ξš…ξšƒξš—ξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξ₯·ξ₯²ξ¦ͺξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš‰ξš”ξš‘ξš—ξš’ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξš‡ξšξš†ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξš„ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξš”ξš‘ξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξšξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš‹ξš”ξ˜ƒ
ξšƒξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξ₯Ήξ₯²ξ¦ͺξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‰ξš”ξš‘ξš—ξš’ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš…ξš…ξš‡ξš’ξš–ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš‹ξš”ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‹ξš”ξš…ξš—ξšξš•ξš–ξšƒξšξš…ξš‡ξš•ξŸ€ξ˜ƒ
e-ISSN: 2723-6692 p-ISSN: 2723-6595
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 2899
ξ˜„ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš’ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξš—ξš–ξš‡ξš”ξšƒξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯³ξ₯Άξ Œξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš—ξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš˜ξšƒξšŽξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš’ξš‘ξš•ξš–ξŸ¦ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš…ξš”ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ
ξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš†ξš‹ξš˜ξš‹ξš†ξš—ξšƒξšŽξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξ¦·ξ˜ƒξ₯·ξ₯·ξ˜ƒξš›ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξ₯·ξŸ€ξ₯Ίξ˜ƒξš–ξš‹ξšξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‹ξš•ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‘ξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξ₯³ξ₯·ξŸ¦
ξ₯Άξ₯Άξ˜ƒξš›ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšˆξš–ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš—ξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš…ξšŽξš‹ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš•ξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‡ξšƒξšŽξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒ
ξš’ξš”ξš‘ξš„ξšŽξš‡ξšξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξšƒξšξšξš‘ξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξšƒξš”ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξš—ξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš†ξšƒξš‹ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξš•ξŸ€ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Œξš–ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξšξ˜ƒ ξš„ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξšξš…ξšŽξš—ξš†ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš‰ξš”ξš‘ξš—ξš’ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ
ξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‰ξš”ξš‘ξš—ξš’ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš‹ξšŽξšŽξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš’ξš‡ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξš†ξšƒξš›ξŸ€(Purba,
2019)
ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜†ξš‘ξšξš–ξš”ξšƒξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯²ξ₯³ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξ˜…ξšƒξš›ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξ˜„ξšξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš…ξšƒξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‹ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš—ξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšŽξš†ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš‡ξšξš•ξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš†ξš—ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξš‰ξš‡ξšξš‡ξš”ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒ ξšŠξš‡ξšƒξšŽξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš—ξš‰ξš‰ξš‡ξš•ξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš„ξš‘ξš†ξš›ξ€΅ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš„ξš‹ξšŽξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš†ξšƒξš’ξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒ
ξš‡ξšξš˜ξš‹ξš”ξš‘ξšξšξš‡ξšξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš”ξš‡ξš†ξš—ξš…ξš‡ξš†ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‡ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš„ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš•ξš‘ξšŽξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξš”ξš‘ξš„ξšŽξš‡ξšξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξšˆξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξš—ξš–ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξšŽξš‘ξšξš‰ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒ
ξšξš‡ξš‡ξš†ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ(Ananda, 2017)
ξ˜…ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš‡ξš†ξš—ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξšξš‘ξš™ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξ₯ΉξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒ
ξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξ˜ƒξš•ξš…ξšŠξš‘ξš‘ξšŽξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšŒξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš”ξš‡ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξ˜‡ξš—ξš†ξš—ξšξš‰ξ€΅ξš•ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‹ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒ
ξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξšŽξšƒξš‹ξšξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ €ξš†ξš‡ξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξš”ξš‘ξšˆξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒξ˜Žξšƒξšξš†ξš‘ξš—ξ˜ƒξ˜ξšƒξšξšƒξš†ξš‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξ₯³ξ˜ƒξš’ξš‡ξš‘ξš’ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯Άξ₯³ξŸ€ξ₯΄ξ¦¨ξ Œξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξ˜ƒξš•ξš…ξšŠξš‘ξš‘ξšŽξ˜ƒξš‡ξš†ξš—ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ(Dudung et al., 2015).
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšξšƒξšξš›ξ˜ƒ ξš”ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš‘ξšξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš™ξšŠξš›ξ˜ƒ ξš‡ξš†ξš—ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš…ξšƒξšξ˜ƒ ξš†ξš‹ξš”ξš‡ξš…ξš–ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš…ξš–ξ˜ƒ ξšŠξš‡ξšƒξšŽξš–ξšŠξŸ€ξ˜ƒ ξ˜…ξš›ξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξšξš’ξš”ξš‘ξš˜ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ€΅ξš•ξ˜ƒ
ξš‹ξšξšˆξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‘ξš…ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš•ξšξš‹ξšŽξšŽξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‡ξšƒξšŽξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξš™ξšƒξš”ξš‡ξšξš‡ξš•ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš…ξš”ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‡ξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξšξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξšƒξš’ξš›ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒ
ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš‡ξš†ξš—ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšˆξšƒξš•ξš–ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒ ξšŠξš‡ξšŽξš’ξŸ¦ξš•ξš‡ξš‡ξšξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξšξšξš‹ξš–ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξšƒξš–ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš™ξš‹ξšŽξšŽξ˜ƒ ξš„ξš‡ξŸ€ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ˆξš†ξš—ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξšŠξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξšξ˜ƒ
ξš‹ξšξ§ξšŽξš—ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš„ξš—ξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš†ξš‹ξš”ξš‡ξš…ξš–ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξšξšƒξšξš‡ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš”ξš‘ξš—ξš‰ξšŠξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒ ξš‡ξš…ξš‘ξšξš‘ξšξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒ ξšˆξšƒξš…ξš–ξš‘ξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξš™ξš‘ξš”ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‡ξšξš˜ξš‹ξš”ξš‘ξšξšξš‡ξšξš–ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ
ξš‡ξš…ξš‘ξšξš‘ξšξš›ξ ŒξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšˆξšƒξšξš‹ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξšŽξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξš•ξšŠξš‹ξš’ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš’ξš•ξš›ξš…ξšŠξš‘ξš•ξš‘ξš…ξš‹ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξšˆξšƒξš…ξš–ξš‘ξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒ(Dudung et al., 2015)
ξ˜„ξš…ξš…ξš‘ξš”ξš†ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‡ξš‹ξšξšƒξš”ξš•ξšƒξš”ξš‹ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξššξš‹ξš‡ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξš…ξš…ξš—ξš”ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš’ξš‡ξš‘ξš’ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšŽξš‹ξš–ξš–ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξšξš‘ξš™ξšŽξš‡ξš†ξš‰ξš‡ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒ
ξš„ξš‡ξš…ξšƒξš—ξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš†ξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš—ξšξš†ξš‡ξš”ξš•ξš–ξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšŠξš‡ξšƒξšŽξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒ ξš’ξš”ξš‘ξš„ξšŽξš‡ξšξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš›ξ˜ƒ ξšˆξšƒξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš„ξš‡ξš…ξšƒξš—ξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξšξšˆξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš›ξ˜ƒ
ξš”ξš‡ξš…ξš‡ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš–ξ˜ƒξš—ξšξš†ξš‡ξš”ξš•ξš–ξš‘ξš‘ξš†ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜Žξšξš‘ξš™ξšŽξš‡ξš†ξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš…ξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš‘ξš’ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‹ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒ
(Ananda, 2017)
ξ˜Œξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξš…ξš…ξš—ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš–ξ˜ƒξš™ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš—ξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšŒξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒ
ξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš†ξ˜ƒξšŒξš‘ξš„ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‘ξš—ξš•ξš‡ξš™ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξš•ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš‘ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš‹ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ
ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξš†ξšƒξš‹ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš„ξš‹ξš–ξš—ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξšƒξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšŽξš‘ξš™ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξšŽξšŽξ˜ƒξšˆξš‡ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš…ξš…ξš‘ξš”ξš†ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš‹ξš”ξ˜ƒ
ξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξŸ€ξ˜ƒ ξ˜…ξš‡ξš…ξšƒξš—ξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš‹ξš–ξš—ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξšξŸ€ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš„ξš‹ξšŽξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξš†ξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξš†ξšƒξš‹ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒ
ξš‹ξšξš’ξšƒξš‹ξš”ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš’ξš‡ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš…ξš”ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒ(Marbun et al., 2016)
ξ˜…ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξšξšƒξšξšξš‡ξš•ξš‹ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš–ξ˜ƒξš™ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš—ξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒ
ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšŠξš›ξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš–ξš‡ξšξš•ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš”ξš‡ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξ€΅ξš•ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš–ξ˜ƒ
ξš™ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš—ξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ₯΅ξ₯Άξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšˆξš–ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξ₯Ήξ₯΄ξŸ€ξ₯΅ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒ
ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšŠξš›ξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš–ξš‡ξšξš•ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ(Pribadhi, 2019).ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš•ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš’ξš‘ξš”ξš–ξšƒξšξš–ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš—ξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš…ξš”ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš„ξšŽξš‘ξš‘ξš†ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‹ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒ
ξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš—ξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜’ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξš”ξš‹ξš‰ξš‰ξš‡ξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‹ξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒξšˆξšƒξšŽξšŽξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš„ξšŽξš‘ξš‘ξš†ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‡ξšξš‘ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒ
ξš•ξš–ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš…ξšŽξš—ξš†ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξšξ˜ƒξšƒξš…ξš–ξš—ξšƒξšŽξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš…ξš–ξ˜ƒξš›ξš‘ξš—ξš”ξ˜ƒξš‘ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξšƒξšŽξšŽξ˜ƒξš’ξšŠξš›ξš•ξš‹ξš…ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš—ξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξš†ξš†ξš‡ξšξ˜ƒ
ξš‹ξšξš…ξš”ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš„ξšŽξš‘ξš‘ξš†ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξšˆξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš’ξš‡ξš‘ξš’ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξ˜ƒξš„ξšŽξš‘ξš‘ξš†ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš†ξš˜ξš‹ξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξšƒξš›ξ˜ƒ
ξšƒξš™ξšƒξš›ξ˜ƒ ξšˆξš”ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ ξšŽξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξšξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšŽξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš‹ξš”ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξ˜ƒ ξš„ξšŽξš‘ξš‘ξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξ˜ƒ ξš”ξš‹ξš•ξšξ˜ƒ ξšˆξšƒξš…ξš–ξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒ ξšˆξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦
ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ(Makarim, 2021).
ξ˜…ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξš•ξš‡ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξšξš‘ξš™ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ₯΅ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξš•ξš‡ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξ₯³ξŸ¦ξ₯³ξ₯΄ξ˜ƒ
ξšξš‘ξšξš–ξšŠξš•ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξš…ξš…ξš‘ξš”ξš†ξšƒξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξ˜„ξšξšƒξšξš†ξšƒξ€΅ξš•ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒ
ξš™ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšŒξš‘ξš”ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξš„ξšŒξš‡ξš…ξš–ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšξš‡ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξ₯·ξ₯Άξ˜ƒξš’ξš‡ξš‘ξš’ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯·ξ₯ΈξŸ€ξ₯΅ξ¦¨ξ ŒξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξ¦Άξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξ˜ƒξš›ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒ
(Ananda, 2017).ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξ¦·ξ˜ƒξ₯Έξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξš–ξšŠξš•ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‹ξš•ξšξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‡ξš‡ξšŽξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξššξš‹ξš‡ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒ
ξš…ξšƒξš—ξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξ¦·ξ˜ƒξ₯Έξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξš–ξšŠξš•ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξšŠξš‘ξš™ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξšξššξš‹ξš‡ξš–ξš›ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξšŠξšƒξšξš‰ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš’ξšŠξš›ξš•ξš‹ξš…ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒ
e-ISSN: 2723-6692 p-ISSN: 2723-6595
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 2900
ξš‰ξš‡ξš–ξš–ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‘ξš”ξš•ξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšŠξšƒξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξšξšξš‘ξš–ξ˜ƒξšƒξš…ξš…ξš‡ξš’ξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš‹ξš”ξ˜ƒξš’ξšŠξš›ξš•ξš‹ξš…ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξšˆξš–ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‹ξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš’ξšŠξš›ξš•ξš‹ξš…ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξšƒξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšˆξš–ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ(Morris et al., 2013)
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξš…ξš…ξš‘ξš”ξš†ξšƒξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξšˆξš–ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš’ξš’ξš”ξšƒξš‹ξš•ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ
ξš™ξšŠξš‹ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξš•ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‘ξš…ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš‹ξšˆξš›ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξš•ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξšξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš‹ξšξš—ξšŽξšƒξš–ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξš„ξš‘ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξ§”ξšŽξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξš–ξŸ¦ξš‘ξš”ξŸ¦ξ§”ξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξšξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‘ξš…ξš‡ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš–ξš‡ξš”ξšξš‹ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš’ξš‹ξšξš‰ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš‘ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξš…ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš‹ξš–ξš—ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξš‘ξšξš•ξš‡ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš…ξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš•ξš‘ξšξ€΅ξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒ(Nasib Tua Lumban Gaol, 2016).
ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜„ξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš„ξš‡ξš‰ξš‹ξšξšξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ
ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‡ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒξš–ξš‡ξšξš•ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš„ξš‡ξš…ξšƒξš—ξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš›ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‡ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš’ξšŠξš›ξš•ξš‹ξš…ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξšξ˜ƒξšˆξš”ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš†ξš‘ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš›ξ˜ƒξš—ξš•ξš—ξšƒξšŽξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒ
ξš†ξš‘ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξš”ξš˜ξš‹ξš˜ξš‘ξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒξ§ξš‹ξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš–ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‹ξšˆξ§ξš‹ξš…ξš—ξšŽξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξšƒξš…ξš…ξš‡ξš’ξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš‹ξš”ξ˜ƒξš…ξš—ξš”ξš”ξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒξš„ξš‘ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‡ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒξšŠξš‘ξš’ξš‡ξšŽξš‡ξš•ξš•ξŸ€
ξ₯΅ξ₯Ίξ˜ƒ
ξ˜ƒξšƒξšˆξš–ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒ
ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒξš‰ξš‘ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš”ξš‘ξš—ξš‰ξšŠξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξšŽξšŽξ˜ƒξš„ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš„ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš–ξš‡ξš”ξšξš‹ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš’ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξš‹ξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš…ξš—ξš”ξš”ξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒξš•ξš‹ξš–ξš—ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ
ξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšƒξšξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšŽξš‘ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‹ξšξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‹ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšƒξš…ξš…ξš‡ξš’ξš–ξšƒξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš—ξš•ξš—ξšƒξšŽξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ
ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšξš›ξ˜ƒξš›ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒ(Nasib Tua Lumban Gaol, 2016).
ξ˜„ξš…ξš…ξš‘ξš”ξš†ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‘ξšŽξš‘ξšξš‰ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξšξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš†ξš‹ξš”ξš‡ξš…ξš–ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš…ξš”ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš•ξš‘ξšξ€΅ξš•ξ˜ƒξš’ξš‘ξš–ξš‡ξšξš–ξš‹ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦
ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξšˆξš—ξšŽξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξš•ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξšξ˜ƒξš–ξš”ξš‹ξš‰ξš‰ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξš„ξšŽξš‘ξš…ξšξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš„ξšŽξš‘ξš‘ξš†ξ˜ƒξš˜ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš‡ξšŽξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš„ξš”ξšƒξš‹ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšƒξšŽξš‘ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒ
ξš—ξšξšŠξš‡ξšƒξšŽξš–ξšŠξš›ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‹ξšˆξš‡ξš•ξš–ξš›ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξšƒξšξš’ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξš–ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‡ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšŽξš‘ξš–ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšξš–ξš—ξšƒξšŽξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš—ξš•ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒ
ξš‘ξš„ξš‡ξš•ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš˜ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš•ξšξš‘ξšξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš„ξš‹ξš–ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš—ξšξšŠξš‡ξšƒξšŽξš–ξšŠξš›ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‹ξšˆξš‡ξš•ξš–ξš›ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξšξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξšƒξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξ˜ƒξš„ξšŽξš‘ξš‘ξš†ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ
ξš‹ξšξš…ξš”ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš…ξšŠξš‘ξšŽξš‡ξš•ξš–ξš‡ξš”ξš‘ξšŽξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‹ξšƒξš„ξš‡ξš–ξš‡ξš•ξŸ€
ξ˜‘ξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš‡ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš„ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš™ξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš‹ξš–ξš—ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš„ξš‡ξšˆξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξšˆξš–ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒ
ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‘ξš™ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš‡ξš‡ξš†ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš„ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξšƒξšŽξš‹ξšœξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš‹ξš”ξ˜ƒξšˆξšƒξšξš‹ξšŽξš‹ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš‹ξš”ξ˜ƒ
ξšˆξšƒξšξš‹ξšŽξš‹ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξšƒξšξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš’ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξš‘ξš‰ξš‡ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξŸ€ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Œξšξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξš•ξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš‰ξš”ξš—ξš‡ξšŽξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξšŠξšƒξšξš‰ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξš‘ξš•ξš–ξŸ¦ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ €ξš†ξš‡ξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξšˆξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‡ξšƒξš”ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš–ξš‡ξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξ˜ƒξš”ξš‹ξš•ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš’ξš‘ξš”ξš–ξšƒξšξš–ξ˜ƒ
(Sari, 2014)
Description of cognitive function in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients at Tugurejo Hospital in
2022
ξ˜…ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξš”ξš˜ξš‡ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξ₯Άξ₯²ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜‡ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξšŒξš‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš‡ξšξšƒξš”ξšƒξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξ˜„ξš—ξš‰ξš—ξš•ξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜–ξš‡ξš’ξš–ξš‡ξšξš„ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒ ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξ₯Έξ₯ΉξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξš’ξš‘ξš•ξš–ξŸ¦ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš†ξš›ξš•ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξš•ξš–ξ˜ƒ
ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš—ξš’ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξ₯΅ξ₯΄ξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒ ξš†ξš‹ξš†ξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš†ξš›ξš•ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξ €ξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξŸ€ξ˜ƒ ξšξš‹ξšŽξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξš†ξš›ξš•ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš—ξš’ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξ₯΄ξ₯ΉξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξš†ξš‡ξš”ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš†ξš›ξš•ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξ₯΄ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒ ξ₯³ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš—ξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ ξšˆξš”ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš†ξš›ξš•ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ€ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξšŽξš‹ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξ˜ξš—ξš•ξš–ξš‹ξšξšƒξš™ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšξš‡ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξš†ξš›ξš•ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜‡ξš”ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜ξš‘ξš‡ξš™ξšƒξš”ξš†ξš‹ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš—ξš”ξšƒξšξšƒξš”ξš–ξšƒξ˜ƒξšŠξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ
ξš‘ξš„ξš–ξšƒξš‹ξšξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξšŠξšƒξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš†ξš›ξš•ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš™ξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξšƒξšξ˜ƒ ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξš†ξš‹ξš†ξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξš–ξ˜ƒ
ξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξ €ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš†ξš›ξš•ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšξš‡ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξ₯΅ξ₯³ξ˜ƒξš’ξš‡ξš‘ξš’ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯·ξ₯·ξŸ€ξ₯Άξ¦¨ξ ŒξŸ€(Mustikawati, 2016)
ξ˜‹ξš‘ξš™ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξšƒξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξ˜‰ξš”ξšƒξšξš•ξš‹ξš•ξšξšƒξ˜ƒξ˜„ξšξš‹ξš–ξšƒξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ
ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš†ξš›ξš•ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξšξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšŠξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξŸ€ξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξš–ξš‡ξšŽξšŽξšƒξ˜ƒ ξ˜ξšƒξš”ξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ξšƒξšξšƒξš•ξš•ξšƒξš”ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ
ξš™ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš•ξš–ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‹ξš†ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξš‘ξš•ξš–ξŸ¦ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš…ξšŽξš‹ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ €ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξš‹ξš–ξš›ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξ₯³ξ₯·ξ˜ƒξš’ξš‡ξš‘ξš’ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯Έξ₯²ξ¦¨ξ ŒξŸ€(Anita & Linggi, 2020)
ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜„ξšξš‘ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‹ξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξš™ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ
ξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‰ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξšƒξšξš–ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‡ξšƒξš†ξš‹ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξš‘ξš—ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξš—ξšŽξšƒξš™ξš‡ξš•ξš‹ξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξšξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξš†ξš›ξš•ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξ₯·ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯·ξ₯΄ξŸ€ξ₯³ξ¦¨ξ Œξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš†ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ€(Padu et al., 2022)
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš•ξš‡ξš“ξš—ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξšξ˜ƒξšƒξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš…ξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξŸ€ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‘ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξš›ξš†ξšƒξš›ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‹ξšˆξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξš…ξš”ξš—ξš…ξš‹ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš„ξš‡ξš…ξšƒξš—ξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ
ξšƒξ˜ƒ ξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš•ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš…ξšƒξšξ˜ƒ ξš”ξš‡ξšξš‡ξšξš„ξš‡ξš”ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšƒξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξšξš…ξš‡ξšξš–ξš”ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξšξš†ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš‘ξšŽξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξš”ξš‘ξš„ξšŽξš‡ξšξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξšƒξš”ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξš—ξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš˜ξšƒξš”ξš‹ξš‘ξš—ξš•ξ˜ƒ
e-ISSN: 2723-6692 p-ISSN: 2723-6595
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 2901
ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš’ξšŽξšƒξšξš•ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜†ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξš˜ξšƒξš”ξš‹ξš‘ξš—ξš•ξ˜ƒξšˆξšƒξš…ξš–ξš‘ξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξš…ξš…ξš—ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‰ξš‡ξšξš‡ξš–ξš‹ξš…ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒ
ξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‰ξš‡ξšξš‡ξš–ξš‹ξš…ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš‡ξš†ξš—ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξŸ€(Pramudita & Pudjonarko, 2016)
ξ˜Œξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšƒξšŽξšŽξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš–ξ˜ƒξš™ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš—ξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš•ξšƒξšξš’ξšŽξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš…ξš”ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξš‹ξšξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš™ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξš•ξš–ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒ ξ₯·ξ₯²ξŸ¦ξ₯·ξ₯»ξ˜ƒ ξš›ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξšŠξš‘ξš™ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξ˜ƒ ξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš…ξš‡ξšξš–ξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξ₯΅ξ₯΄ξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξŸ€ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš‰ξš”ξš‡ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒ
ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš†ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξ˜„ξšξšŠξšξšƒξš†ξ˜ƒξ˜ŽξšŠξšƒξš‡ξš”ξš—ξšŽξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜‡ξš”ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜„ξš„ξš†ξš—ξšŽξ˜ƒξ˜ξš‘ξš‡ξšŽξš‘ξš‡ξšξ˜ƒξ˜…ξšƒξšξš†ξšƒξš”ξ˜ƒξ˜ξšƒξšξš’ξš—ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯΄ξ₯³ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ
ξš™ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš†ξ˜ƒξšξš‹ξšŽξš†ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš†ξš›ξš•ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš•ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš†ξš›ξš•ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξš…ξš…ξš—ξš”ξš”ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ
ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš‘ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξ₯·ξ₯²ξ˜ƒξš›ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš•ξŸ€(Khaerul, 2021)
ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜„ξš‰ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš‘ξš…ξš…ξš—ξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš…ξšŠξšƒξšξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš—ξš…ξš–ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ
ξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš„ξšŽξš‘ξš‘ξš†ξ˜ƒξš˜ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš‡ξšŽξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšξš‡ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšŽξšŽξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš…ξš”ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš‡ξšŽξšƒξš•ξš–ξš‹ξš…ξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‡ξššξš–ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš‘ξš…ξš…ξš—ξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒξš„ξš‡ξš–ξš™ξš‡ξš‡ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξ₯»ξ₯²ξ˜ƒξš›ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš–ξš—ξšξš‹ξš…ξšƒξ˜ƒξšξš‡ξš†ξš‹ξšƒξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‹ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš…ξšξš‡ξšξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš„ξšŽξš‘ξš‘ξš†ξ˜ƒξš˜ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš‡ξšŽξš•ξ˜ƒξš—ξš’ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ₯΅ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‹ξšξš‡ξš•ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜„ξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš…ξšξš‡ξšξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš–ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš™ξšƒξšŽξšŽξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš—ξš•ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš…ξš”ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ€(Ramadhani, 2020)
ξ˜…ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‰ξš‡ξšξš†ξš‡ξš”ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξšξš‘ξš™ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš’ξšƒξš‹ξš”ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξš‡ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξšξ˜ƒ
ξš™ξš‘ξšξš‡ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš•ξšŠξš‘ξš™ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš—ξš’ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξ₯΅ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš”ξš‡ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξ˜–ξšƒξšŽξš•ξšƒξ€΅ξš•ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‹ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš•ξšŠξš‘ξš™ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξš•ξšŠξš‘ξš™ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšˆξš–ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξŸ¦ξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš†ξš›ξš•ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ€(Ramadhani, 2020)
ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‡ξš‡ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξš‹ξšƒξ˜ƒ
ξš˜ξšƒξš•ξš…ξš—ξšŽξšƒξš”ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‹ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš…ξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξš‡ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξšξ˜ƒξš™ξš‘ξšξš‡ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš„ξš—ξš–ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšξš›ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš‹ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξšŠξš‘ξš™ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξ˜ƒξš‰ξš‡ξšξš†ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒ
ξš†ξš‹ξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξšƒξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš…ξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‹ξš•ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξš‹ξšƒξ˜ƒξšƒξšˆξš–ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξš‡ξšŽξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ§ξšŽξš—ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšƒξš†ξš‹ξš’ξš‘ξšξš‡ξš…ξš–ξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš•ξ˜ƒ
ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξ˜ƒ ξšξš‡ξš—ξš”ξš‘ξš’ξš”ξš‘ξš–ξš‡ξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξšξš–ξŸ€ξ˜ƒ ξ˜„ξš‰ξš‡ξŸ¦ξš”ξš‡ξšŽξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš‡ξš”ξš—ξšξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš†ξš‹ξš’ξš‘ξšξš‡ξš…ξš–ξš‹ξšξ˜ƒ ξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš™ξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξš„ξš•ξš‡ξš”ξš˜ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξš„ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξšξ˜ƒ
ξš™ξš‘ξšξš‡ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξšξ˜ƒξšξš‡ξšξŸ€(Kalaria, Akinyemi, 2016)
ξ˜…ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš‡ξš†ξš—ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξšξš‘ξš™ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξ₯ΉξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒξš‰ξš”ξšƒξš†ξš—ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšˆξš”ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ
ξš‡ξšŽξš‡ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξšƒξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξš•ξš…ξšŠξš‘ξš‘ξšŽξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšˆξš”ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš’ξšƒξš‹ξš”ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξšŽξš‹ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξ˜‘ξšƒξš‹ξšŽξš‹ξ€΅ξš•ξ˜ƒ
ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‹ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš„ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš‡ξš†ξš—ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš•ξšƒξšξš’ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξ₯³ξ₯²ξ˜ƒξš’ξš‡ξš‘ξš’ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξšξ˜ƒξ₯³ξ₯΄ξ˜ƒξš›ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ
ξš‡ξš†ξš—ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš–ξ˜ƒξš™ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš—ξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξšƒξšŽξšŽξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ₯³ξ₯²ξ₯²ξ¦¨ξ Œξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξšƒξšξš’ξšŽξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξšξš’ξšƒξš‹ξš”ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξŸ€(Riasari,
2022)
ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ ξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒ ξš‡ξš†ξš—ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšξš—ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒ ξš„ξš‡ξš–ξš–ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξšƒξšξ˜ƒ ξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒ ξšŽξš‘ξš™ξ˜ƒ
ξš‡ξš†ξš—ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜ˆξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš†ξš—ξš”ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξš”ξšƒξš‹ξšξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš–ξš”ξšƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš’ξš‡ξš”ξšˆξš‘ξš”ξšξ˜ƒξš˜ξšƒξš”ξš‹ξš‘ξš—ξš•ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒ
ξš‡ξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξšξšξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‘ξš„ξšŽξš‡ξšξ˜ƒξš•ξš‘ξšŽξš˜ξš‹ξšξš‰ξŸ€(Boletimi et al., 2021)
ξ˜Œξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš™ξš‘ξš”ξšξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξšŽξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξ₯΅ξ₯²ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšξš—ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξšŽξšƒξš„ξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒ
ξšŠξš‘ξš—ξš•ξš‡ξš™ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš†ξš›ξš•ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš‰ξš”ξš‡ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξ˜ξšƒξšξš—ξš”ξš—ξšξš‰ξ€΅ξš•ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‹ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξšŽξšƒξš‹ξšξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšˆξ˜ƒ
ξšƒξ˜ƒξšŒξš‘ξš„ξ˜ƒξš—ξš•ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξšξšξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξšƒξš„ξš‹ξšŽξš‹ξš–ξš›ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš–ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš‰ξš”ξš‡ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξš‡ξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš…ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξš‡ξš—ξš”ξš‘ξš’ξšŠξš›ξš•ξš‹ξš‘ξšŽξš‘ξš‰ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξšξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒ
ξšŒξš‘ξš„ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš—ξš•ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšξš—ξš•ξš…ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‡ξšξš‰ξš–ξšŠξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš—ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšŽξšƒξš„ξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξ €ξ˜ƒξš‡ξšξš’ξšŽξš‘ξš›ξš‡ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒ ξšŠξš‘ξš—ξš•ξš‡ξš™ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξš•ξŸ€ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Œξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξšƒξšξ˜ƒ ξš„ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξšƒξš‹ξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ
ξš™ξš‘ξš”ξšξš‡ξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒξš—ξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξš—ξš•ξš…ξšŽξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš”ξšƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‹ξšξšξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš”ξš”ξš›ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš‘ξš—ξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš‹ξš”ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‘ξš”ξšξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξ˜ƒ ξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‹ξš•ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒ
ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš†ξš‹ξš•ξš‘ξš”ξš†ξš‡ξš”ξŸ€(Manurung et al., 2016)
ξ˜…ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšξš‡ξš†ξš‹ξš…ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξšξš‘ξš™ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš†ξš›ξš•ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒ
ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš‘ξš”ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšŠξš›ξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš–ξš‡ξšξš•ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‹ξšƒξš„ξš‡ξš–ξš‡ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšξš‡ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξ₯΄ξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš›ξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš–ξš‡ξšξš•ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš”ξš‹ξš•ξšξ˜ƒξšˆξšƒξš…ξš–ξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšŒξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒ
ξš‡ξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš…ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš†ξšƒξšξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš–ξšƒξš”ξš‰ξš‡ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‘ξš”ξš‰ξšƒξšξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš„ξš”ξšƒξš‹ξšξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξš›ξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš–ξš‡ξšξš•ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš’ξšŽξš‹ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš†ξšƒξšξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‡ξšξš–ξš”ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒ ξšξš‡ξš”ξš˜ξš‘ξš—ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš›ξš•ξš–ξš‡ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξšξšƒξšξš‡ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξšξš’ξšƒξš‹ξš”ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξš‡ξš†ξš—ξš…ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξšξ˜ƒ
ξš‹ξšξš†ξš‹ξš…ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš–ξšƒξš”ξš‰ξš‡ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‘ξš”ξš‰ξšƒξšξ˜ƒξš†ξšƒξšξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš„ξš”ξšƒξš‹ξšξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‘ξ§ξš‹ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš˜ξšƒξš”ξš‹ξšƒξš„ξš‹ξšŽξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš„ξšŽξš‘ξš‘ξš†ξ˜ƒ
ξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξ₯Άξ˜ƒξšŠξš‘ξš—ξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξš•ξš‘ξš…ξš‹ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš…ξšŽξš‹ξšξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξš‹ξšŽξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξš„ξš”ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξšˆξšƒξš”ξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒ
ξš™ξšŠξš‹ξš–ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšξšƒξš–ξš–ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒ ξšŽξš‡ξš•ξš‹ξš‘ξšξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš†ξš‹ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš†ξš‡ξš…ξšŽξš‹ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš†ξš‡ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξš‹ξšƒξ˜ƒ ξ ‹ξ˜•ξšƒξšξšƒξš†ξšŠξšƒξšξš‹ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ ŒξŸ€(Ramadhani, 2020)
ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜—ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξšŽξš‹ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‘ξš•ξš’ξš‹ξš–ξšƒξšŽξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξš”ξš‘ξšˆξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜‡ξš”ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜Žξšƒξšξš†ξš‘ξš—ξ˜ƒξ˜ξšƒξšξšƒξš†ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξ₯΄ξ₯²ξ₯³ξ₯Έξ˜ƒ
ξš™ξšŠξš‹ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξšŽξšƒξš‹ξšξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš–ξš‡ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš…ξš›ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš›ξš•ξš–ξš‘ξšŽξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš„ξšŽξš‘ξš‘ξš†ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ˜—ξ˜‡ξ˜–ξ Œξ˜ƒ
ξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‹ξšƒξš•ξš–ξš‘ξšŽξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš„ξšŽξš‘ξš‘ξš†ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš—ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξ ‹ξ˜—ξ˜—ξ˜‡ξ ŒξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‹ξš•ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš’ξšƒξš‹ξš”ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ€ξ˜ƒ(Riasari, 2022)
ξ˜“ξš”ξš‡ξš˜ξš‹ξš‘ξš—ξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš‹ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξšŽξš•ξš‘ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš—ξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš†ξš—ξš”ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš†ξš‹ξšƒξš„ξš‡ξš–ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšŽξš•ξš‘ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš’ξš‘ξš”ξš–ξšƒξšξš–ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‹ξš•ξšξ˜ƒξšˆξšƒξš…ξš–ξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒ
ξšˆξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš‘ξš’ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξš‹ξšƒξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξš†ξš‹ξšƒξš„ξš‡ξš–ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš‡ξšŽξšŽξš‹ξš–ξš—ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξ˜ξ˜†ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‰ξš”ξš‡ξšƒξš–ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‹ξš’ξš‹ξš†ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‘ξ§ξš‹ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒ
ξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‘ξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξš‘ξš—ξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜ξ˜†ξ˜ŒξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš”ξš†ξš‹ξš‘ξš˜ξšƒξš•ξš…ξš—ξšŽξšƒξš”ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‹ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξšŠξš‹ξš‰ξšŠξ˜ƒξš„ξšŽξš‘ξš‘ξš†ξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξš‰ξšƒξš”ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš‘ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒ
e-ISSN: 2723-6692 p-ISSN: 2723-6595
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 2902
ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‹ξš•ξšξ˜ƒξšˆξšƒξš…ξš–ξš‘ξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ§ξšŽξš—ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξ˜ξ˜†ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš‘ξš’ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξš‹ξšƒξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜Œξš–ξ˜ƒξš™ξšƒξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšŽξš•ξš‘ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš—ξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš’ξš‡ξš‘ξš’ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‹ξšξš‡ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš‘ξš’ξ˜ƒξš˜ξšƒξš•ξš…ξš—ξšŽξšƒξš”ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξš‹ξšƒξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξšξ˜ƒξ˜„ξšŽξšœξšŠξš‡ξš‹ξšξš‡ξš”ξ€΅ξš•ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‹ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξŸ€(Riasari, 2022)
ξ˜…ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξš–ξšƒξš…ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξšξš‘ξš™ξšξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš…ξšŽξš‹ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš”ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒ
ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒξ₯³ξŸ¦ξ₯³ξ₯΄ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξš–ξšŠξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξšξš‡ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš–ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξšξ˜ƒξ₯΅ξ₯ΉξŸ€ξ₯·ξ¦¨ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš—ξšŽξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ
ξš–ξšŠξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš—ξš†ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξšŽξš‹ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξ˜“ξš—ξš–ξš”ξš‹ξ€΅ξš•ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‹ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš•ξš…ξš”ξš‹ξš„ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš’ξšƒξš‹ξš”ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜‡ξŸ€ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‡ξš”ξŸ€ξ˜ƒξ˜ξš‘ξš‡ξš™ξšƒξš”ξš†ξš‹ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‘ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš—ξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒξ₯΅ξ₯³ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš’ξš‘ξšξš†ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš†ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš’ξšƒξš‹ξš”ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš†ξš›ξš•ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš†ξš—ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒ
ξ₯·ξ₯²ξŸ¦ξ₯Ήξ₯·ξ¦¨ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξšŠξšƒξš˜ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš†ξš›ξš•ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš…ξš‹ξš†ξš‡ξšξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξš‹ξšƒξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‹ξš•ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξ₯΅ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξš–ξšŠξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšˆξš–ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒ
ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš”ξšƒξšξš‰ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒ ξšˆξš”ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξ₯΄ξ₯΅ξŸ€ξ₯·ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξ₯Έξ₯³ξ¦¨ξŸ€ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Œξšξš’ξšƒξš‹ξš”ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš…ξšƒξšξ˜ƒ ξšŽξš‡ξšƒξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξšξ˜ƒ ξšƒξš„ξšξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξšŽξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒ ξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒ
ξš’ξš•ξš›ξš…ξšŠξš‘ξš•ξš‘ξš…ξš‹ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšˆξ˜ƒξš‹ξš–ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‘ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš‰ξš‡ξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš‰ξš‘ξš‘ξš†ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš”ξš”ξš‡ξš…ξš–ξ˜ƒξš–ξš”ξš‡ξšƒξš–ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξšƒξšξ˜ƒ ξš…ξšƒξš—ξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξ€΅ξš•ξ˜ƒ
ξš“ξš—ξšƒξšŽξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšŽξš‹ξšˆξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš…ξš”ξš‡ξšƒξš•ξš‡ξŸ€(Mustikawati, 2016)
ξ˜†ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξ˜ƒξšƒξš†ξš˜ξšƒξšξš…ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξ˜ƒξšŠξš—ξšξšƒξšξ˜ƒξš„ξš”ξšƒξš‹ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš™ξšŠξš‹ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξšξš•ξš‹ξš•ξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš˜ξšƒξš”ξš‹ξš‘ξš—ξš•ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξš•ξ˜ƒξš•ξš—ξš…ξšŠξ˜ƒ
ξšƒξš•ξŸ£ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ξšƒξšξš‰ξš—ξšƒξš‰ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš—ξš•ξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξšξš’ξš”ξš‡ξšŠξš‡ξšξš•ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξšξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš›ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξš‡ξššξš‡ξš…ξš—ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξšξšˆξš‘ξš”ξšξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒ ξš’ξš”ξš‘ξš…ξš‡ξš•ξš•ξš‹ξšξš‰ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξš˜ξš‹ξš•ξš—ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒ
ξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš…ξš‡ξš’ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξšξš‡ξš–ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξšξš‹ξšŽξšŽξ˜ƒξš†ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξšŽξš‘ξš’ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš…ξš‡ξš’ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš‡ξššξš‡ξš…ξš—ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξŸ€ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‘ξš„ξšŽξš‡ξšξ˜ƒξš•ξš‘ξšŽξš˜ξš‹ξšξš‰ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš•ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξš–ξ˜ƒ
ξš‹ξšˆξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšˆξš—ξšξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš‘ξšξ˜ƒξš‹ξš•ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‹ξš•ξš”ξš—ξš’ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξšˆξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜ƒξšŽξš‘ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš’ξš‡ξš”ξš‹ξš‘ξš†ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξš–ξš‹ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξšξš†ξ˜ƒξš†ξš‘ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš–ξ˜ƒξš‰ξš‡ξš–ξ˜ƒξšξšƒξššξš‹ξšξš—ξšξ˜ƒξš’ξš”ξš‘ξš’ξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξš”ξš‡ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ
ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξšξ˜ƒξš†ξšƒξš‹ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš…ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξšŽξšŽξ˜ƒξš„ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšƒξšˆξšˆξš‡ξš…ξš–ξš‡ξš†ξŸ€(Manurung et al., 2016)
ξ˜„ξš…ξš…ξš‘ξš”ξš†ξš‹ξšξš‰ξ˜ƒξš–ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξš’ξšƒξš‹ξš”ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‹ξšξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš™ξš‹ξš–ξšŠξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξšξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξš–ξš‡ξšξ˜ƒ
ξš‰ξš‘ξ˜ƒξš—ξšξšξš‘ξš–ξš‹ξš…ξš‡ξš†ξ˜ƒξš„ξš›ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒξšˆξšƒξšξš‹ξšŽξš‹ξš‡ξš•ξ˜ƒξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒξšξš‡ξš†ξš‹ξš…ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒξš•ξš–ξšƒξšˆξšˆξ˜ƒξš„ξš‡ξš…ξšƒξš—ξš•ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš›ξ˜ƒξšƒξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš”ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš‘ξš”ξ˜ƒξšŽξš‡ξš•ξš•ξ˜ƒξšξš‘ξš–ξš‹ξš…ξš‡ξšƒξš„ξšŽξš‡ξ˜ƒξš–ξšŠξšƒξšξ˜ƒ
ξš‘ξš–ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξ˜ƒ ξšξš‡ξš—ξš”ξš‘ξšŽξš‘ξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξšƒξšŽξ˜ƒ ξš†ξš‡ξ§ξš‹ξš…ξš‹ξš–ξš•ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξš”ξš‡ξš•ξš‡ξšƒξš”ξš…ξšŠξš‡ξš”ξš•ξ˜ƒ ξš•ξšƒξš‹ξš†ξŸ€ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξš‘ξš™ξš‡ξš˜ξš‡ξš”ξŸ‘ξ˜ƒ ξš…ξš‘ξš‰ξšξš‹ξš–ξš‹ξš˜ξš‡ξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξšξš’ξšƒξš‹ξš”ξšξš‡ξšξš–ξ˜ƒ ξš‹ξšξ˜ƒ ξšξš‘ξšξšŠξš‡ξšξš‘ξš”ξš”ξšŠξšƒξš‰ξš‹ξš…ξ˜ƒ
ξš•ξš–ξš”ξš‘ξšξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ˜ƒξš…ξšƒξšξ˜ƒξš•ξš‹ξš‰ξšξš‹ξ§ξš‹ξš…ξšƒξšξš–ξšŽξš›ξ˜ƒξš”ξš‡ξš†ξš—ξš…ξš‡ξ˜ƒξš’ξšƒξš–ξš‹ξš‡ξšξš–ξš•ξ€΅ξ˜ƒξš“ξš—ξšƒξšŽξš‹ξš–ξš›ξ˜ƒξš‘ξšˆξ˜ƒξšŽξš‹ξšˆξš‡ξŸ€
Conclusion
Based on research conducted at RSUD Tugurejo Semarang City, it can be concluded:
The level of stress in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients at Tugurejo Hospital in 2022 for the
normal stress category was 35.5%, mild stress was 15%, moderate stress was 22.5%, severe stress
was 17.5% and very severe stress was 10%. This shows that 65% of patients at Tugurejo Hospital
have abnormal stress levels.
Cognitive dysfunction in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients at Tugurejo Hospital in 2022 for the
normal category amounted to 32.5% and 67.5% others had impaired cognitive function, with the
distribution of mild cognitive function abnormalities by 27.5%, moderate cognitive function
abnormalities by 25%, and severe cognitive function abnormalities by 15%.
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