Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024
E-ISSN: 2723 - 6692
P-ISSN: 2723 - 6595
http://jiss.publikasiindonesia.id/
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2024 2812
The Role of Organizational Climate in Increasing the
Commitment of DPD KNPI Karawang Members
Husen Saepudin Nugroho, Arif Rahman Hakim, Ananda Saadatul Maulidia
Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Indonesia
Email: husensinatriagaluh@gmail.com, arif.hakim@ubpkarawang.ac.id,
ananda.saadatul@ubpkarawang.ac.id
Correspondence: husensinatria[email protected]m
*
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Organizational climate;
Organizational commitment;
Youth Organization
This research aims to determine the effect of organizational climate
on organizational commitment. The research method used is
quantitative with a causality research design. The data collection
technique uses saturated samples, where the entire population is
sampled. The population in this study were 110 members of the
Karawang Regency Regional Executive Board of the Indonesian
Youth National Committee, consisting of 97 men and 13 women.
Data were collected using the Organizational Commitment
Questionnaire (OCQ) and the organizational climate scale
constructed by the researcher. Hypothesis testing was conducted
with simple regression analysis using SPSS version 25.0 for
Windows 64-bit. The results showed a significance value of 0.025 (P
< 0.05), which means that there is a negative effect of organizational
climate on organizational commitment in members of the Karawang
Regency Indonesian Youth National Committee. The coefficient of
determination (R Square) value of 0.045 indicates that 4.5% of the
variation in organizational commitment is explained by
organizational climate. In comparison, the remaining 95.5% is
influenced by other factors not included in this study.
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Introduction
The success of an organization is highly dependent on the influence of human resources in
achieving predetermined goals, so competent and high-performing human resources will greatly
affect the success of the organization or company. According to Ardana (Astuti & Rizana, 2022), human
resources are a crucial factor that must be managed properly to achieve organizational goals; one
aspect of human resource management that has received great attention in the field of management
and organizations is individual commitment to the organization. Commitment is considered an
important factor that improves individual performance to be determined, hardworking, and
responsible for achieving personal and organizational goals. Therefore, organizations need quality
members or administrators with high commitment so that they can survive competitively.
Robbins and Judge in (Nasution, 2017) define organizational commitment as a state in which
members feel bound to a particular organization and have a desire to maintain their membership.
According to Allen and Meyer (Dewi, 2020), organizational commitment reflects an individual's
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attachment to the organization, which involves emotional aspects, identification, and individual
involvement in the organization. Organizational commitment has a significant impact on member
performance, affecting attendance, productivity, and intention to remain in the organization. High
commitment can improve members' performance, making them feel emotionally connected so that a
loyal attitude and a high sense of responsibility are formed (Ahakwa, 2024; Widiarti & Dewi, 2016).
In this study, organizational commitment refers to the theory of Allen and Meyer in (Novita et
al., 2016), who refer to commitment as a psychological state or mindset that connects individuals with
their organization so that individuals choose to stay with the organization. There are three aspects of
organizational commitment, according to Allen and Meyer (Novita et al., 2016): affective
commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment.
Organizational climate refers to members' perceptions of the quality of the work environment
that affects their behavior. According to Litwin and Stringer in (Tresniasari, 2018), organizational
climate reflects the psychological state within the organization as perceived by its members. A good
climate can create a supportive environment for members to work optimally, feel comfortable, and
contribute better to the organization. The level of commitment of a member to the organization is
reflected in the member's involvement and contribution to their duties in the organization. Increasing
members' commitment to the organization requires meeting individual needs and expectations in the
organization. If individual needs are met, they will be more willing to contribute to the organization
actively. Widiarti and Dewi (2016) state that members' commitment to the organization measures
this. This leads to the ability to work well, which can be used to encourage organizational progress
and ultimately achieve organizational goals.
Empirical studies by Maizar Saputra and Wahyu Rahardjo (2017) show that a good
organizational climate has a positive effect on the formation of member commitment to the company.
Organizations need to understand that member commitment does not grow by itself; in this case, one
of them is influenced by organizational climate factors. On the other hand, Kirana (Firnanda & Budiani,
2019) explained that organizational climate is abstract but can still be felt directly or indirectly by
every member of the organization and can be observed by external parties who are not members of
the organization. Organizational climate is formed through the collective perceptions and
expectations of members of the system that applies in the company or organization; the
organizational climate reflects the conditions or properties that describe the psychological
environment of the organization, as perceived by the individuals who are in it.
The Indonesian Youth National Committee (KNPI) is a youth organization in Indonesia that
serves as a forum for various Youth Organizations (OKP). In Karawang Regency, KNPI is an important
platform for youth to contribute to regional development through different activities that encourage
organizational commitment and active participation. KNPI plays a role in fostering and directing
youth to play an effective role in the organization and contribute positively to regional progress. The
author conducted pre-research through a questionnaire filled out by 42 respondents from DPD KNPI
Karawang Regency. The results showed 23.8% of respondents had high commitment, 66.7% medium,
and 9.5% low. In the Affective Commitment aspect, 73.8% of respondents felt they had a strong
emotional bond with the organization. However, only 19% felt compelled to stay because of the
benefits obtained (Continuance Commitment). As many as 73.8% of respondents consider
commitment as a moral obligation (Normative Commitment). This imbalance between emotional
bonds, benefits, and ethical obligations triggers questions about the factors that influence
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organizational commitment in KNPI, as well as how organizations can improve such commitment.
Therefore, this research focuses on the influence of organizational climate on organizational
commitment in DPD KNPI Karawang. It is hoped that this research can make a positive contribution
to improving the quality of youth and member commitment in KNPI Karawang Regency.
The hypothesis proposed in this study is that there is a significant influence between
organizational climate and organizational commitment. This study seeks to examine how members'
perceptions of organizational climate affect their level of commitment to the organization, either
positively or negatively.
Research Methods
This research uses quantitative methods that analyze numerical data through statistical
processing to evaluate the significance of differences between groups or relationships between
variables (Azwar, 2017). The research design applied is causality, allowing researchers to infer the
existence of a cause-and-effect relationship between the independent variable and the dependent
variable. In the context of this study, the investigated variable is the impact of organizational climate
on organizational commitment. The research population consists of administrators and members of
DPD KNPI Karawang Regency, and it has a total of 110 people. This research uses a non-probability
sampling technique with the saturated sample, in which all members of the population are sampled
due to the relatively small population. The research location was carried out at DPD KNPI Karawang
Regency.
The data collection technique in this study used a psychological scale consisting of two scales,
namely the Organizational Commitment Scale adapted from Allen and Meyer (1990) and the
Organizational Climate Scale constructed based on Litwin and Stringer's theory (in Tresniasari,
2015). Both scales use a Likert scale with statements that have been formulated. The organizational
climate measuring instrument constructed by the author includes seven aspects, namely Structure,
Responsibility, Reward, Warmth, Support, Organizational Identity and Loyalty, and Risk, with a total
of 28 statement items, consisting of 14 favorable items and 14 unfavorable items. Based on the results
of the tryout, the validity value for this scale ranged from 0.3 to 0.76, with an Alpha Cronbach
coefficient of 0.89. Thus, this scale is declared valid and reliable so that it can be used as an instrument
in this study. In addition, organizational commitment was measured using the Organizational
Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) from Allen and Meyer (1990), which includes three dimensions:
affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment. This scale consists of
24 statement items. After trying out, the validity values for this scale ranged from 0.3 to 0.73, with an
Alpha Cronbach coefficient value of 0.68. This means that this scale is valid and has moderate
reliability so that it can be used as an instrument in this study.
The data analysis technique used is a simple linear regression test, which begins with several
prerequisite tests to ensure that the data is normally distributed, has a linear relationship, and has a
feasible strength of influence to be further tested with linear regression using the IBM SPSS 25
program.
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Results and Discussion
This research aims to test the hypothesis that there is an influence between organizational
climate and organizational commitment in DPD KNPI Karawang members. Based on the results of the
data analysis, several statistical tests have been applied to explain the relationship between the
variables studied.
The results of demographic data analysis show that the majority of respondents are male, as
many as 88.2% of the total 110 respondents, while women are only 11.8%. Based on age, the majority
of respondents were in the 31-35 year age range (42.7%), followed by the 27-30 year age group
(34.6%) and the 36-40 year age group (20.9%). A total of 1.8% of respondents were aged 41-44 years.
This data shows that most respondents are at a productive age, which may affect their level of
commitment and involvement in the organization.
Table 1. Demographic Data
Demographic Description
Frequency
Percent (%)
Gender
Male
97
88.2
Female
13
11.8
Age
27 - 30 Years
38
34.6
31 - 35 Years
47
42.7
36 - 40 Years
23
20.9
41 - 44 Years
2
1.8
Total
110
100
Source: Processed Data (2024)
Before conducting hypothesis testing, a data normality test using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov
test was performed to ensure that the data was normally distributed. After the author conducted the
exact test, the result was 0.081, which indicates that the data is normally distributed. Thus, this data
qualifies for further analysis using regression tests.
Table 2. Normality Test
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
Unstandardized Residual
Exact Sig. (2-tailed)
.081
Source: Processed Data (2024)
Furthermore, a linearity test was conducted to determine whether the relationship between
organizational climate (independent variable) and organizational commitment (dependent variable)
is linear. The linearity test results showed a linear relationship with an F value for linearity of 11.036
and a significance of 0.001 (P < 0.05), which means that the relationship between the two variables is
statistically significant. Despite the deviation from linearity, the linear relationship remains strong,
indicating that the better the member's perception of the organizational climate, the more likely the
member's commitment to the organization increases.
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Table 3. Linearity Test
ANOVA Table
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Sig.
Organizational
Commitment *
Organizational
Climate
Between
Groups
(Combined)
4127.968
21
196.570
7.366
.000
Linearity
294.495
1
294.495
11.036
.001
Deviation from
Linearity
3833.473
20
191.674
7.183
.000
Within Groups
2348.296
88
26.685
Total
6476.264
109
Source: Processed Data (2024)
The simple regression test is used to determine the effect of organizational climate on
organizational commitment. The results of the analysis show that the significance value is 0.025 (P <
0.05), which means that the hypothesis is accepted. There is a significant influence between
organizational climate and organizational commitment. However, the direction of the effect is
negative, meaning that the lower the members' perception of organizational climate, the higher their
commitment to the organization.
The regression equation obtained is:
Y = 93.818 - 0.178X
This equation shows that every decrease in the perception of organizational climate will cause
an increase in organizational commitment by 0.178. This result indicates that although members'
perceptions of the organizational environment decreased, their level of commitment to the
organization increased.
Table 4. Simple Regression Test
Coefficients
a
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t
Sig.
B
Std. Error
Beta
1
(Constant)
93.818
7.046
13.314
.000
Organizational
Climate
-.178
.079
-.213
-2.268
.025
Source: Processed Data (2024)
In addition, the coefficient of determination test results show that organizational climate only
explains a small part of the variation in organizational commitment, as shown in the following table:
Table 5. Determination Coefficient Test
Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
Adjusted R Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
1
.213
a
.045
.037
7.566
Source: Processed Data (2024)
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From the table above, the R Square value of 0.045 indicates that organizational climate explains
4.5% of the variation in organizational commitment. In comparison, the remaining 95.5% is
influenced by other factors not examined in this study.
Discussion
The results of the analysis indicate a significant influence between organizational climate and
organizational commitment in DPD KNPI Karawang members. Interestingly, a decrease in the
perception of organizational climate is actually followed by an increase in organizational
commitment. However, the coefficient of determination test shows that organizational climate only
explains 4.5% of the variation in organizational commitment. In comparison, the remaining 95.5% is
influenced by other factors not examined in this study. The majority of the respondents are males
who are in their productive age and may have particular views regarding their commitment to the
organization. This finding can be the basis for further research to explore other factors that influence
organizational commitment. The hypothesis proposed in this study was accepted, with the results
showing a negative influence on organizational climate and organizational commitment. That is,
when members' perception of organizational climate decreases, their commitment to the
organization increases.
The results of this study are consistent with research conducted by Maizar Saputra and Wahyu
Rahardjo (2017), which shows that organizational climate does influence member commitment.
However, the difference in the direction of influence between this study and previous research
indicates the complexity of the relationship between organizational climate and commitment. In the
context of DPD KNPI Karawang, higher commitment can be caused by organizational culture factors
that emphasize individual initiative, where members feel the need to prove their commitment even
though the organizational climate is not optimal.
The negative effect found in this study can be understood with the approach proposed by
Shamir and Howell (2018). When the organizational climate is not supportive, individuals tend to be
motivated to increase their commitment as a form of compensation for a less-than-ideal environment.
In the context of DPD KNPI members, the results showed that they felt responsible for maintaining
the image of the organization, so they increased their commitment even though the organizational
climate conditions were not optimal. This finding shows that, although members are dissatisfied with
the existing climate, they still show high dedication. This finding implies that improvements in
organizational climate, such as increased management support and open communication, may lower
members' need to prove themselves through high commitment in an unsupportive environment.
Improvements in these factors can have a positive impact on strengthening members' affective,
continuance, and normative commitment.
This research shows that organizational commitment is largely influenced by other factors that
have not been studied. According to Meyer and Allen in Pratiwi et al. (2020), the factors that influence
organizational commitment include individual personal characteristics, organizational
characteristics, and organizational experience. Individual personal characteristics include
demographic and dispositional variables, while organizational characteristics include organizational
structure and the way policies are socialized. Organizational experiences include job satisfaction
(Arifudin et al., 2023), motivation, roles in the organization, and relationships with leaders or fellow
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members. In addition, factors such as leadership style and the quality of relationships between
members can also contribute to commitment. Therefore, future research needs to consider these
variables to provide a more comprehensive picture of the factors that determine commitment in
youth organizations, such as DPD KNPI Karawang.
Thus, these findings contribute to the understanding of the dynamics between organizational
climate and commitment in DPD KNPI Karawang. This study also shows that, although organizational
climate has an influence, there are still many other factors that play a role in shaping member
commitment, which can be the focus of future research.
Conclusion
Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that there is an influence
between organizational climate and organizational commitment in DPD KNPI Karawang members,
with a significance value of 0.025 (P < 0.05). The coefficient of determination (R Square) of 4.5%
indicates that organizational climate only explains a small part of the variation in organizational
commitment. In comparison, the remaining 95.5% is influenced by other factors not described in this
study. Therefore, it is recommended that future research explore different factors that may contribute
to organizational commitment, such as organizational culture, leadership, motivation,
and management support, as well as demographic factors such as age and gender. Further research
should also be conducted using a longitudinal approach to understand the dynamics of the
relationship between organizational climate and organizational commitment in the long term.
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