Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga, Indonesia

Email: 372020049@student.uksw.edu, suryo.hadiwijoyo@uksw.edu,

triesanto.siman[email protected]u

Correspondence: 372020049@student.uksw.edu

data used is secondary data derived from official reports, news, and related documents. The method

of data collection is through literature study and document analysis, which includes various forms of

records and works relevant to this research.

Data Analysis Technique

analysis model, which involves four main steps: data collection, data reduction, data presentation,

has lived for a long time before 1948 and is fluent in one of their national languages. As a result of the

law, every basic right of Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar continues to be restricted.

and Rohingya Muslims. The conflict began when news spread that on May 28, an Arakanese woman

was raped and killed by three Muslim men in Ramri township. As a result of the news, on June 3,

Arakanese in Toungtop stopped a bus and killed 10 Muslims on the spot. According to a Human Rights

Watch report, security forces just watched it happen and did nothing (Smith & Hassan, 2012).

Muslims ever since. At least 76 people were killed during the conflict, and as a result, the Arakanese

Buddhist community began ordering the expulsion of Rohingya Muslims from Sittwe and banning

they banned the use of the word "Rohingya" in the census, and if anyone still uses it then the officer

will not recognize the existence of that individual. Meanwhile, in 2014 alone, there were 140,000

people in refugee camps in the Rakhine capital of Sittwe. However, officials still did not conduct a

census of the Rohingya ethnic group (Kompas, 2014). It is known that, the census was the first census

conducted by Myanmar since 1983 and in preparation, the Myanmar government received a lot of

assistance from various parties such as UNFPA and 9 countries in the world, including Australia,

Germany and also Norway for 45 million US dollars while the Myanmar government only spent 15

human rights violations accountable while not blaming the Myanmar army. Also, Bangladesh and

Myanmar agreed to start repatriating Rohingya refugees back to their homes but the United Nations

High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) said that it was not possible to do so because there was no

guarantee of safety for Rohingya refugees when they returned to Myanmar. As a result of this conflict,

UN human rights official Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein has called for an investigation into possible indications

of "genocide" (Welle, 2022).

of the conflict and their flight from Rakhine state, which resulted in the killing of thousands of people

and forced hundreds of thousands of Rohingya to flee their homes. They are demanding justice and

the rule of law for the conflict that took place in 2017. It is said that the total death toll from the conflict

presentation of the case, Gambia appointed Aung San Suu Kyi as responsible for Myanmar's defense

department. However, the allegations were again denied by Aung San Suu Kyi but she again added

that there was a possibility that the army could be said to be a little excessive in handling the conflict

at that time (Welle, 2022).

out by the Myanmar military against Aung San Suu Kyi and their party NLD or National League for

Democracy cheating in the 2020 Myanmar elections so the Myanmar military carried out a coup and

appointed Commander Min Aung Hlang as president and also subsequently, appointed 11 other

members to the new ministerial-level government appointed simultaneously after the coup was

implemented (Idrus, 2022). Aung San Suu Kyi was also given house arrest. As a result of the coup, the

the Rohingya refugee issue because the stability of democracy is certainly one of the main

determinants in resolving the Rohingya issue.

International Court of Justice as a crime of genocide after several years of investigation. In July 2022,

the ICJ ruled that the case filed by Gambia regarding the sectarian conflict in Myanmar could proceed.

But at the same time, Myanmar's military junta executed four prisoners. The executions were the

country's first death penalty executions (Welle, 2022).

Buddhists, they had to leave and flee their homes in Rakhine State. The destination countries of the

Rohingya refugees are quite diverse, such as Bangladesh which is the first destination, then Thailand,

accommodation a family should have at least one toilet, but of the 33 camps in Cox's Bazaar, 19 are

not operating according to UNHCR standards.

under a country's constitution, and as stateless individuals or groups, their existence is regulated by

the 1956 UN Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons and the 1961 UN Convention on Efforts to

Reduce the Number of Stateless Persons. An extension of the UN through UNHCR is also a tool in

handling issues like this.

Rohingya Refugee Flows in Asia and Southeast Asia Region

decent. The number of criminal groups and clean water problems also make refugees feel

uncomfortable so they try to seek asylum elsewhere (Arum, 2023). However, just like in Bangladesh,

there are also many problems that occur due to the arrival of Rohingya refugees in other countries.

The majority of them occur in ASEAN such as Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. In Thailand itself,

although it is among the few countries that have not ratified the UN Refugee Convention of 1951, so

Thailand has no responsibility or obligation to accept Rohingya refugees, the same applies to Malaysia

and Indonesia.

the peacock is estimated to have committed 27 robberies that caused a loss of 4.34 billion rupiah

(US$1.6 billion). Although in 2020 Malaysia has begun to reject the arrival of Rohingya refugees, it is

also not without reason but due to the large number of refugees and also due to the crisis caused by

the COVID-19 pandemic at that time.

aimed at Rohingya refugees, so that many people reject their arrival and there are reports of the

emergence of several anti-Rohingya groups such as the Anti Rohingya Club and Foreingner March

Malaysia's Image". As a result of the spread of this hate speech, it is not uncommon for Rohingya

refugees to become victims of acts of violence, harassment and discrimination, this is also influenced

by the absence of Malaysian policies or regulations legislatively governing asylum seekers and

country with a time limit. Although constitutionally and legally Malaysia has no obligation to accept

refugees, they still provide temporary shelter to refugees because of the principle of non-refoulment.

The principle of non-refoulment means that a country is prohibited from repatriating refugees to

their home country or region if it threatens their very existence. So because they cannot be

repatriated to Myanmar, refugees who come through the Thai border are often sent back to Thailand

after a specified time limit.

and also established the Malaysia Control Order or MCO policy. This policy, although effective, only

benefits Malaysian citizens rather than refugees who are labeled, under the Malaysian Immigration

Act as illegal immigrants so that when they enter Malaysia, they are immediately secured and

there were at least 5000 refugees registered in Thailand. Although in 2015, as reported by NET Media,

the Thai government said that they would not accept the refugees, they are willing until there is a

solution to the refugee crisis. Just like Malaysia, until now Thailand still considers the refugees who

come as illegal immigrants, and many of the refugee boats that come are only given supplies by the

local navy and pushed back into the sea.

They requested that the Thai government enforce the principle of non-refoulment and open the

border and allow refugees to enter Thailand without rejection. Grandi also took the time to visit one

of the Myanmar refugee camps in Thailand, Tham Hin Temporary Shelter in Ratchburi Province. It is

known that the shelter accommodates 90,801 refugees from Myanamr.

The Role of International and Regional Organizations in Handling Refugees in Aceh

of the world and of course many efforts have been designed and proposed in solving this problem.

ASEAN, as the regional organization where this conflict occurred, has also been looking for ways to

resolve the humanitarian crisis that occurred due to the sectarian conflict that occurred in Myanmar.

But of course there are obstacles that often arise that hinder the resolution of this case.

by ASEAN in August 2012 which basically stated and expected that each member country did not

intervene in this issue and only appealed and encouraged Myanmar to find a way out of this issue and

at that time it was seen that out of 11 countries only 3 countries cared and played an active role in

approach used by ASEAN in the settlement effort, namely the ASEAN Way's approach (Idris et al.,

2016). The principle of non-intervention guarantees the sovereignty of each ASEAN member state so

that there is no intervention from other countries in the internal affairs of other members while the

principle of consensus is present so that each country can respect the decisions and opinions of each

country to avoid conflicts that can occur. This is evidenced in the formation of the ASEAN task force

to deal with the Rohingya issue, member countries are very careful not to blame Myanmar or blame

Myanmar so that the proposals to be given can be accepted and approved (Idris et al., 2016).