e-ISSN: 2723-6692 p-ISSN: 2723-6595
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 2777
Jealousy and economic aspects are also at the root of the sectarian conflict that befalls the Rohingya
in Rakhine (Nuriyatur, 2023).
This was caused by retaliatory attacks carried out by the Myanmar military as a result of the
(Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army) attack in August 2017. This led to the flight of Rohingya refugees
to refugee camps in the Bangladesh area on September 5, 2017. The conflict experienced by the
Rohingya also has a quite complex beginning. It was influenced by the non-recognition of the
Rohingya by the Myanmar government as part of them. It is stated by the Myanmar government in
their 1947 Constitution, that those included as part of Myanmar or the "indigenous race" are having
a grandmother from the "indigenous race are children of citizens, or lived in Myanmar (British
Burma) before 1942. According to this law, citizens are required to obtain a National Registration
Card, while non-citizens are issued a Foreign Registration Card.
Until 1962, when the Burma Socialist Program Party and General Ne Win seized power from U
Nu's hands, the Myanmar military government began to dissolve Rohingya social and political
organizations. In 1947, General Ni We's government stripped the Rohingya of their citizenship, based
on several criteria in The Pyithu Hluttaw Law No. 4 of 1982 or Burma Citizenship Law, October 15,
1982. Another factor influencing the conflict was not only the state's interference, but the sectarian
conflict that emerged. There was social jealousy by Buddhist extremists towards the Rohingya
Muslims in Arakan, it can be said that at that time the social and economic conditions of the Muslims
there were quite good. However, due to this jealousy, Buddhist extremists are increasingly spreading
the issue of provocation and propaganda that the existence of Islam in Myanmar threatens the
existence of Buddhism. This does not only affect the Rohingya Muslims but also the whole of
Myanmar. This is evidenced by the 969 movement, which is led by a monk named Wirathu. The
provocation by this extremist group ignited anger and cynicism towards Islam in Meikhtila, which
led to the riots on March 25, 2013.
The government's unwillingness to include the Rohingya as part of Myanmar's citizens is
believed to be the main factor in the protracted Rohingya issue. Because their existence is not
recognized, Rohingya people lose many basic rights as citizens, such as the right to get or have a place
to live, work, and welfare. The lives of the Rohingyas are severely restricted. Due to their condition,
the World Refugee Agency (UNHCR) categorizes Rohingya as the most persecuted ethnic minority in
the world (Nurrachman, 2023).
As a result of the conflict, the Rohingya have been forced to flee to other countries, including
Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Australia, with Bangladesh being the main destination
since 2017. In Cox's Bazar, the largest refugee camp in Bangladesh, refugees face serious problems
such as poor sanitation, overcrowding, and criminal threats, leading them to seek refuge elsewhere.
Countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia, while not ratifying the 1951 UN Convention on
Refugees, have welcomed Rohingya refugees, but face negative impacts such as conflicts with local
communities and lawlessness. In Indonesia, the reception to Rohingya refugees has been mixed, with
some communities showing sympathy, while others have protested against the refugees' perceived
disrespect for the assistance provided, as seen in a viral video showing their dissatisfaction with the
portion of food received.
In this paper, of course, the author wants to see how the implementation of the ASEAN Political
Security Community Blueprint by Indonesia in helping to resolve the Rohingya conflict in Aceh but
also while maintaining sovereignty and also avoiding social conflicts that have occurred in Myanmar