Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024
E-ISSN:2723 – 6692
P-ISSN:2723– 6595
http://jiss.publikasiindonesia.id/
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 2716
Analysis of Strengthening Beam Structure Case Study on Food
Court Building of Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) Project at Alun-
Alun Kota Kediri
Khoirul Walad, Afrikhatul Maulidiyah, Januar Sasongko
Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan, Indonesia
Email: khoirulwalad3@gmail.com
Correspondence: khoirulwalad3@gmail.com
*
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Beam Loading; Beam Cracking;
Repair Method
The Green Open Space (RTH) construction in Kediri City includes a
food court building utilizing reinforced concrete structures. During
construction, cracking issues occurred in several beam structures
due to the inability to bear the design loads effectively,
necessitating a strengthening approach. This study aims to develop
and evaluate a strengthening method for cracked beam structures
by employing concrete jacketing. The specific objective is to
improve the structural integrity and load-bearing capacity of these
beams to ensure the durability and safety of the building. A
concrete jacketing technique was used to reinforce the cracked
beams, utilizing K-300 ready-mix concrete and additional
reinforcing steel. The study involved structural analysis to assess
the load-bearing capacity before and after jacketing, and on-site
evaluation was conducted to monitor the method's effectiveness.
The findings indicate that the jacketing method significantly
increased the beams' bending moment capacity and overall
structural strength, successfully addressing the cracks and
enhancing the beams' ability to bear the intended loads. The
reinforced beams showed improved load distribution and
structural resilience performance. Concrete jacketing proved to be
an effective method for strengthening the cracked beam structures
in the Green Open Space project. The study provides valuable
insights for similar future construction projects, suggesting that
concrete jacketing can be a reliable reinforcement technique to
enhance the durability and safety of building structures.
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Introduction
Green Open Space (RTH) is part of the open space in an urban area in the form of an area
within a certain unit area containing plants, plants, and green spaces both naturally growing and
deliberately planted to support ecological, socio-cultural, architectural, comfort, beauty benefits and
is basically part of an undeveloped city that functions to improve environmental quality, nature
conservation and recreational facilities (Ring et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2021). According to the
Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 1 Year 2007 on Green Open Space Arrangement in Urban
Areas. Many urban areas are revitalizing their green open spaces with concepts that are in
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Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 2717
accordance with the art in each region so as to form comfort for the community and create beauty
for the urban area, such as the example of Kediri City. Kediri City revitalizes its green open space in
which there is work on the food court building to support its activities. In the construction of the
food court building, there are 2 aspects of work, namely structure and architecture. The
construction of the food court building uses a reinforced concrete structure with K-250 concrete
specifications and has 2 floors, while the front side of the 2nd floor forms a sloping side above which
the landscape area is used as a playground for the people of Kediri city residents.
The construction of the food court building has aspects of reinforced concrete structure work,
in which there are several problems. The problem that occurs is that there are cracks in a reinforced
concrete structure, namely the beam structure. In a building structure, the main thing that must be
planned as carefully as possible is to avoid unwanted things. The structure is a frame or
interconnected rods to channel the load into the ground; if the structure has a problem, then the
loads that occur cannot be channeled into the ground; therefore, in planning, the structure must be
as careful as possible.
Cracks that occur in the main structure, namely the beam. A beam is a structural element that
receives forces acting in the transverse direction against its axis, resulting in bending and shear
forces along its span (Dipohusodo, 1994; Roy et al., 2021). Cracks occur due to the beam's inability
to withstand the loads that work. Cracks arising in the medium category are about 1 mm - 2 mm
wide. The cracks are circular, with an average length of about 60 cm, and are found in several areas
that amount to about 10 points. The cracking problem will become serious if not handled properly.
The problem that occurs is the collapse of a building, which causes many losses to occur. In this case,
various studies are needed to handle it so that it becomes a sturdy and safe building (ACI Committe
224, 2007).
Various structural reinforcement methods can overcome the cracks that occur. The method of
repairing cracks can be done by means of the concept of jacketing, which is useful for preventing
cracks from arising again by enlarging the dimensions of beams and columns. The main advantage
of this system is that it increases the strength and ductility limit of concrete, and the second
advantage is that jacketing protects against fragment damage. The repaired structure can accept
loads because jacketing can reduce shear force failure and bending moment failure, but it can also
provide an increase in the capacity of the structure itself so that this jacketing method can solve the
existing problems.
Some previous research on the analysis of beam structure reinforcement shows various
methods used to improve the performance of reinforced concrete beams. Luastika et al. (2019)
examined the flexural reinforcement of reinforced concrete beams using Glass Fiber Reinforced
Polymer (GFRP), which increased beam flexural strength up to 1304.99 MPa with a reinforcement
percentage of 153%. Furthermore, Puspita et al. (2018) analyzed flexural cracking in high-strength
reinforced concrete beams repaired with epoxy injection, focusing on the injection capacity to
repair the structure of high-strength concrete beams. Wibisono (2017) added strip steel plates as
flexural reinforcement to reinforced concrete beams, which significantly improved the ability of the
beams to resist flexure. Kaontole et al. (2015) evaluated the capacity of reinforced concrete columns
reinforced with the concrete jacketing method, where this improvement increased the capacity up
to 64.25 Kn.
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Based on previous studies, there are differences with the current research, which focuses on
strengthening beam structures to handle or increase bending moments and shear forces through a
concrete jacketing system using concrete reinforcing steel and K-300 ready-mix concrete. The
results of this analysis are expected to provide solutions to overcome the problem of cracking in the
beam by referring to previous studies as a reference for solving the problem of strengthening the
beam structure.
The objective of this research is to identify effective methods for overcoming the repair of
cracked beams. In this regard, the research aims to explore repair techniques that can be used to
repair cracked beams, including selecting appropriate materials and approaches to improve the
structural integrity of the beams. In addition, the research also aims to evaluate the capability of the
applied support structure in the context of the beam cracking problem to ensure that the structure
remains safe and capable of supporting loads by applicable standards.
Materials and Methods
Framework of Thought
The framework of this research involves several stages in analyzing the problem of cracks in
the beams of the Pujasera building. Large loads such as coral, fertile soil, and grass for the
playground caused the beam to receive large shear forces and bending moments, eventually
triggering cracking. These cracks are about 1-2 mm wide and 60 cm long on average, with 10 crack
points in the beam area.
This study aims to design a structural reinforcement using the concrete jacketing method,
which encloses the old structure with an additional structure. This method was chosen because it is
efficient and capable of increasing the load capacity and ductility of the beam. With careful analysis
of the working load, concrete jacketing is expected to be the right solution for overcoming beam
cracks in the Pujasera building.
Project Data Information
The project data includes technical information related to location, number of floors, building
dimensions, and materials specifications. Structural materials such as K-250 quality concrete and
steel reinforcement BJTP 280 (plain) and BJTS 420 (threaded) are the main references in designing
structural reinforcement.
Structural Loads
Structural load analysis involves the identification of gravity loads, earthquake loads, and
other load combinations. The dead load is derived from construction materials, while the live load is
from human activities and goods on top of the structure. These two loads are combined to calculate
the capacity of beams reinforced with concrete jacketing.
Flow Chart of Capacity Analysis of Beams with Concrete Jacketing Reinforcement System
This chart describes the steps in reinforcing the structure to overcome beam cracks. The first
step is to collect the necessary project data and model the Pujasera building structure. After
modeling, load calculations are carried out for coral, fertile soil, parks, and humans. This calculation
aims to determine the shear forces and bending moments that cause cracks.
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Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 10, October 2024 2719
Once the cause is known, an efficient and economical retrofitting method is selected, namely
concrete jacketing, which wraps the old structure with the new structure. This method was analyzed
using applications such as SAP2000. After the analysis, a pre-design was carried out to determine
the thickness of the beam and select a strong material for the jacketing process so that the
crackingproblem would not occur again.
Figure 1. Research Flowchart
.
Source: Thought Results.