Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024

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P-ISSN: 2723-6595

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Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 1788

KEYWORDS

ABSTRACT

Homeless and beggars;

strategy; Collaborative

synergy

This research aims to provide an overview of the phenomena and

opportunities for dealing with homeless and beggars in the city of

Makassar, to further formulate a coping model through the

formulation of effective policies, strategies and countermeasures.

One of the crucial problems that the Indonesian government has

been facing is the existence of homeless people and beggars, which

are increasingly serious to overcome. This problem that sometimes

has a relationship with the culture in one area is indeed a kind of

virus or a disease that often recurs. The strategy to deal with

vagrants and beggars that has been carried out by the Makassar City

Government through the leading sector of related agencies has not

been effective in solving the problem of vagrants and beggars. Then

through exploratory data analysis, this research formulates an

approach as an alternative solution to overcome homeless and

beggars in the city of Makassar, by developing a holistic approach in

the form of collaborative synergy between the government and the

private sector.

Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)

1. Introduction

One of the crucial problems that the Indonesian government has been facing is the existence of

homeless people and beggars, which are increasingly serious to overcome. This problem that

sometimes has a relationship with the culture in one area is indeed a kind of virus or a disease that

often recurs. For example, there are causes of social problems that can be solved, but on the other

hand, the effects of this problem still have to be borne by the community.

According to Kartono (2003), all forms of behavior and social symptoms that are considered

inappropriate, violate general norms, customs, formal laws, or cannot be integrated into general

behavior patterns are categorized as social diseases or societal diseases. Thus beggars and homeless

people can be referred to as a social pathology.

Strategies to Overcome Homeless and Beggars with A

Collaborative Approach in Makassar City

Kamrin

Universitas Teknologi Sulawesi Makassar, Indonesia

Email: kamrinaskam@gmail.com

Correspondence: kamrinaskam@gmail.com

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Beggars and homeless people live with all kinds of limitations, tend to depend on the mercy or

gifts of others, roam in public places such as markets, terminals, stations, traffic lights, and road

intersections, so that their existence is felt to be very disturbing and unsettling.

The increasingly difficult employment and growing poverty rate are one of the triggering

factors for this phenomenon, as happened in the city of Makassar.

The efforts that have been made by the Makassar City Government through the Makassar City

Social Service are to increase acceleration in conducting data collection, counseling, coaching,

education and training as well as rehabilitation and monitoring, including the control or supervision

of beggars in the city of Makasssar However, there are still several obstacles including:

(1) Beggars who have participated in the coaching and training of the Makassar City Social Service do

not apply the coaching direction, so they go back into the field to become a homeless person and

a beggar.

(2) Beggars do not implement the results of the training provided by the Social Service.

This constant condition makes beggars and homeless people a social phenomenon that cannot

be avoided in the lives of people in the city of Makasssar.

Definition of Homeless and Beggars

Basically, doing homeless and begging activities is not easy. Throughout the day the homeless

and beggars had to walk through the corners of the city and the crowds, standing in the heat of the

sun, rain or in direct contact with the dirty environment. Sometimes they also have to risk their lives

when wandering and begging on crowded streets, even the hardest thing is to get rid of shame or

lower their self-esteem by wandering and begging because these activities have been considered by

society as a shameful activity and have no self-esteem for those who do it. Alkostar (2010) clarified

that the event of destitute and poor people can be recognized into two causal variables, specifically

inner variables and outside components. Inner components incorporate apathy, unwillingness to

work, mental shortcoming, physical incapacity or mental incapacity. In the mean time, outside

variables incorporate social, social, financial, instructive, natural, devout and geological components.

Within the improvement of Indonesian society, this action of meandering and asking turns out to be

a prima donna in itself for individuals who are sluggish, particularly for individuals who live in towns

and arrange to pit their destiny against the city without being prepared with sufficient aptitudes or

capacities. In general, there are several factors that affect or cause a person to become a homeless

person and a beggar according to Sudilarsih (2012), namely:

1) The high level of poverty causes a person to be unable to meet the minimum basic needs

and reach public services so that they cannot develop their personal and family lives

properly.

2) Low level of education can be an obstacle for a person to get a decent job.

3) Lack of job skills causes one to be unable to meet the demands of the job market.

4) Socio-cultural factors, this is supported by the surrounding environment and alms givers.

Several socio-cultural factors influence a person to become a homeless person and a beggar, namely:

(a) Low self-esteem in a group of people, resulting in no shame to beg.

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(b) The attitude of resignation to fate, considering that poverty and their condition as homeless

and beggars is fate, so there is no will to make changes.

homeless and beggars who live on the road, because they feel unbound by the rules or norms

that sometimes weigh them down, so begging becomes one of the livelihoods.

Definition of Collaborative Governance Strategy

Collaborative Administration is additionally characterized as an course of action that directs

one or more open educate specifically included with non-public partners in a formal, consensus-

oriented, and deliberative collective decision-making process that points to create or actualize open

arrangements or oversee open programs or resources (Ansel & Gash, 2007). As stated by Culpepper

(2011), As expressed by Culpepper (2011), collaborative administration is the accessibility of educate

that advance interaction among legislative and non-governmental on-screen characters, without

state performing artists monopolizing (Collaborative governance is the availability of institutions

that promote interaction between the government and non-government actors, without state

actors monopolizing

Then Sudarmo (2011) characterizes Collaborative Administration as An coordinates

framework of connections that are overseen over formal and casual organizational boundaries with

recognized organizational standards and a clear definition of victory. (An coordinates framework

with overseen connections over the boundaries of formal and casual organizations with reconceived

organizational standards and clear definitions of victory).

Furthermore, Agrawal and Lemos (2024) in Emerson et al. (2012) characterize collaborative

administration not as it were constrained to partners comprising of government and non-government

but too shaped by the presence of multipartner administration, which incorporates the

private/private segment, society and gracious society and is built on the cooperative energy of

partner parts and the arrangement of half breed plans as well as public-private-social participation.

Laws and Regulations Related to the Handling of Beggars and Homeless

There are several relevant legal rules that can be used as a guideline/foundation in dealing with

beggars and homeless people in Indonesia. Some of them are as follows:

1) Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 11 of (2009)concerning Social Welfare (Statute Book of

the Republic of Indonesia No. 12 of 2009, Supplement to Statute Book of the Republic of

Indonesia No. 4967);

According to Indonesian Law No. 11 of 2009 concerning Social Welfare, homeless people and beggars

are categorized as community groups that experience social dysfunction or People with Social

Welfare Problems (MSMEs). As a legal norm about social welfare in Indonesia, the Law

In the provisions of Article 6 of Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 11 of 2009 concerning Social

Welfare, it is emphasized that the implementation of social welfare includes: Social rehabilitation,

which is a process of refunctionalization and development to enable a person to be able to carry out

his social functions reasonably in community life;

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a. Social security, which is an institutionalized scheme to ensure that all people can meet their

basic needs for a decent life;

b. Social empowerment, which is all efforts directed to make citizens who experience social

problems have power, so that they are able to meet their basic needs;

c. Social protection, i.e. all efforts directed to prevent and

2) Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 39 of (2012) concerning the

Implementation of Social Welfare (Statute Book of the Republic of Indonesia No. 68 of 2012,

Supplement to Statute Book of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5294).

Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia N0. 39 of 2012 concerning the Implementation

of Social Welfare is an implementing regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Law No.11 of 2009 which

in the provisions of Article 6 letters (e) and (f) it is emphasized that homeless people and beggars

should get social rehabilitation in the context of social welfare implementation activities for the

people of Indonesia. This social rehabilitation is aimed at restoring physical, mental, and social

functioning, as well as providing and improving skills for homeless people and beggars.

2. Materials and Methods

The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method that is exploratory, with

observation techniques, then secondary data sources are obtained through literature studies and the

internet, including blogs made by the Makasssar City Social Service and the Makasssar City Central

Statistics Agency. based on facts that appear or as they are. Research with this method focuses on the

discovery of facts (fact-finding) as the actual situation (Nawawi, 2006). Meanwhile, exploratory

research has the goal of exploring widely the causes or things that affect the occurrence of something

(Arikunto, 2006). Thus, the exploratory, descriptive method is research with problem-solving that is

explored extensively about the causes or things that affect the occurrence of something based on facts

that occur in the field.

The use of qualitative descriptive methods in this study is expected to allow for empirical and

explorative analysis of research problems using a literature study that focuses on the analysis of

collaborative governance theory (Mulyana, 2004). This study aims to recommend an effective model

for dealing with beggars and homeless people in the city of Makassar.

3. Result and Discussion

The Role of Social Services in Tackling Homeless and Beggars in the city of Makassar

That the Social Service of Makasssar city has carried out its role in counseling, data collection,

coaching, training or rehabilitation and monitoring, control and supervision of homeless people and

beggars in the city of Makasssar, including several steps as follows: (Aprilyanti et al., 2021; Hidayah,

2020)

1. Security and raids carried out by the Social Service in collaboration with the Makasssar Police

and Satpol PP of the city of Makasssar, to discipline homeless people and beggars in the city of

Makasssar,

2. Data collection is one of the first steps taken by the Makassar City Social Service to find out the

number of beggars in the city of Makassar

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3. Counseling, which is carried out by the Makassar City Social Service by means of socialization.

It is carried out to beggars who have been caught by the Social Service in the form of

instructions not to beg.

4. The social service has a role in solving social problems such as the problem of beggars in the

city of Makassar The pendatan carried out by the Social Service of Makasssar city is the initial

data that is used as a reference in conducting coaching at the next level which aims to find out

the outline of beggars in each sub-district as a target in carrying out further activities.

5. Coaching, is an activity that is carried out in a planned and organized manner with the intention

of suppressing, eliminating, reducing, and preventing the spread of social problems, especially

homeless people and beggars, to realize order in public places

6. Training, is the next step in handling homeless people and beggars, through systematic teaching

to have certain skills so that they do not beg and wander again.

Effective strategies that can be applied in dealing with homeless people and beggars in the city

of Makasssar.

One of the alternative solutions in dealing with homeless and beggars that can be done by the

Makassar city government is to develop a more holistic model, through collaborative cooperation

with the business sector involving companies or MSMEs spread across the city of Makassar.

According to Ansell and Grash (2007), "Collaborative governance is therefore a type of governance

in which public and private actors work collectively in distinctive way, using particular processes, to

establish laws and rules for the provision of public goods". This concept expresses the importance of a

condition where public actors and private actors (businesses) work together in a certain way and

process that will later produce the right legal products, rules, and policies for the public or society.

The strategy in question requires collaborative cooperation and synergy between the Social

Service, the Cooperative and MSME Office, as well as the private sector consisting of Micro, Small and

Medium Enterprises in the city of Makassar, which was initiated by the Government through the

following steps: (Permadi et al., 2018; Yacob et al., 2021)

1. The government collaborates with micro, small and medium enterprises/companies, by

providing grants from the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budge (APBD).

2. Training and coaching are carried out by bringing in trainers/instructors who have specific

expertise or can also be carried out by experts from partner companies, or from

professions/universities. By referring to the curriculum designed by experts, coaching and

training can focus more on skills training that are specifically prepared practically that allow

them to work immediately, after participating in coaching and training.

3. After going through the training and coaching process, former homeless people and beggars

get a certificate of expertise known to the relevant agencies and companies, as a form of

commitment and academic responsibility. Then former homeless people and beggars are

employed according to the requests and needs of partner companies.

This collaborative model will be effective in tackling beggars and homeless people, considering

that the dominant causal factor that makes them beggars and homeless people is economic factors,

which should be obtained through work with a fixed income. Thus, the collaborative strategy

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implemented will provide them with jobs with a fixed income, so as to prevent the return of former

homeless people and beggars who are homeless and begging again.

4. Conclusion

Through a collaborative strategy between the government and micro, small and medium

enterprises with a collaborative governance model, the phenomenon of homeless people and beggars

which has been difficult to find a solution can be slowly overcome.

The form of synergistic cooperation between the government and the business sector through the

collaborative model can be carried out through the disbursement of loan funds given in a certain

amount, provided that micro, small and medium enterprises are willing to provide jobs for former

homeless people and beggars, who already have training and coaching certificates provided by the

relevant agencies and in accordance with the curriculum that is in accordance with the needs to

support their needs companies that will hire them. Thus, all parties will benefit. On the one hand, the

government can carry out its role in tackling poverty well. The micro, small and medium enterprises

sector can increase their productivity, while former homeless people and beggars can meet their

economic needs.

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