Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024

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P-ISSN: 2723-6595

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Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 1781

KEYWORDS

ABSTRACT

Public transportation;

Decline in interest; Timika

City

This research aims to determine the factors influencing the

reduction of public transportation in Timika City. The method used

is quantitative, which is collecting data through questionnaires. The

research results show that several factors influencing the reduction

in public transportation in Timika City are limited accessibility,

service, and comfort. The analysis used in this research is multiple

linear regression analysis. The results of this research explain that

variable X1, namely accessibility, and variable X2, namely service,

have a positive and insignificant influence on the interest of public

transport users. Meanwhile, variable X

, namely comfort, has a

positive and significant effect on the interest of public transport

users. The implications of this study show that increasing comfort is

the most significant factor in attracting public interest in using

public transportation in Timika City. Improvements in accessibility

and quality of service, while important, are not enough without

increased convenience. Effective strategies should focus on

improving hygiene, seat comfort, in-vehicle temperature, and

tranquility during the trip.

Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)

1. Introduction

Economic development in a country is inseparable from the influence of supporting facilities

and infrastructure such as transportation, according to Merdeka Wati, 2012 (Daryono et al., 2021;

Surung & Arka, 2018). The development of the regional economy is always associated with increased

community activities. These community activities will form a movement model that connects

community mobility with the relationship between the transportation industry and other industries

(Karim et al., 2023; Muhyiddin & Nusa, 2023). According to Tamin, 2000 Transportation is an inseparable

need in people's lives. Transportation has a close relationship between the location and the location

of human activities. The importance of transportation can be seen in terms of people's needs for

Analysis of Factors Influencing The Decline in Public

Transportation Interest in Timika City

Hira Wahyu, Tri Wahyuni, Fitriani Jum Hamdana, Yahya Nusa

STIE Jambatan Bulan, Indonesia

Email: hirawahyu11@gmail.com, triwahyuni1[email protected], fitrianijumhamdan[email protected]m,

yahya.nusa@gmail.com

Correspondence: hirawahyu11@gmail.com

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public transportation services for the mobility of people and goods that will enter all corners of the

country, even from and abroad (Jumain et al., 2021; Lucas et al., 2016). Transportation has a role in

supporting community activities; to support these activities or activities, a driving facility is needed.

Transportation is interrelated with humans because transportation is controlled by humans so that

it runs properly. One of the transportation that humans often use is public transportation. Public

transportation is one of the means used by many people; public transportation is usually used to go

to several points or routes that have been determined and will not pass through unspecified routes

(Buamona et al., 2017).

The city of Timika, a city located in Papua Province, Indonesia, has experienced a decline in the

use of public transportation as the main mode of transportation. This has become a concern for the

government and local communities, as public transportation not only serves as a means of

transportation but also plays an important role in regulating traffic and reducing congestion in the

city. In this analysis, we will discuss the factors that affect the decline in the use of public

transportation in Timika City and find solutions to increase the use of this mode of transportation

again.

Public transportation is one of the alternatives for the public because of several factors that can

determine people's interest in using public transportation, some of these factors are accessibility,

service, and convenience that will affect interest. If public transportation cannot guarantee safety, it

will affect the public's interest in using it. If public transportation cannot guarantee passenger

comfort, it will be able to affect the public's interest; if public transportation does not guarantee good

service for passengers, it will be able to affect people's interest in using public transportation.

The decline in interest in the use of public transportation is a global phenomenon that also

occurs in various cities, including Timika City. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that

affect the decrease in public interest in public transportation. Based on data analysis using the

Questionnaire system, several main factors are often associated with a decline in the use of public

transportation, including the availability of service facilities, accessibility, and operational conditions

of public transportation, such as the level of comfort. Public transportation in Timika City is currently

facing various challenges that cause a decrease in public interest in using it. Many of the Yellow Taxis

used are still in poor condition. Vehicles that are old and poorly maintained often cause inconvenience

to passengers. The erratic frequency of public transportation and often late is one of the main reasons

for the decline in public interest in public transportation users. (Kusumadewi, 2020).

2. Materials and Methods

This research can use primary data collection methods, such as direct surveys of the people of

Timika through the distribution of questionnaires. In this study, questionnaire data was used, which

was distributed online to people who had used public transportation. The survey had 100

respondents who were public transportation users in Timika City. This study aims to analyze the

factors that affect the decrease in public transportation interest in Timika City.

This study aims to understand what are the influences between the independent variables X1

(accessibility), X2 (services), and X3 (convenience) on the dependent variable Y (interest). The

multiple linear regression analysis method was used as an analysis tool using SPSS 25.

Here is the model of the equation:

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Y = a + βx1 + βx2 + βx3 + e

Where:

Y: Interest

A: Constanta

X1: Accessibility

X2: Service

X3: Comfort

e: error

3. Result and Discussion

Multiple linear regression analysis is used to determine the influence between independent

variables and bound variables. The independent variables in this study are Accessibility, Service, and

Comfort. While the bound variable is Interest

Effect of Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with SPSS

This is the result of the data from SPSS:

Regression

Table 1

Model Summary

Model

R Square

Std. Error of the Estimate

Durbin-Watson

.679

.445

1.91373

1.667

a. Predictors: (Constant), Convenience (X3 ), Service ( X2 ), Accessibility ( X1 )

b. Dependent Variable: Interest ( Y )

Based on Table 1 and the output above, the determinant coefficient (R Square) is obtained at

0.461, which implies that the influence of free variables (Accessibility, Service, and Comfort) on bound

variables (Interest) is 46.1%.

Table 2

ANOVA

Model

Sum of

Squares

Mean

Square

Sig.

Regresi

301.173

100.391

27.412

.000

Residual

351.587

3.662

Total

652.760

a. Dependent Variable: Interest (Y)

b. Predictors: (Constant). Accessibility, service, comfort

Table 2 of ANOVA shows that the relationship between the independent variable (Accessibility,

Service, Convenience) and the dependent variable (Interest) has a significant effect of 0.000.

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Table 3

Coefficients

Model

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

Sig.

Std. Error

Beta

(Constant)

2.906

.601

4.833

.000

Accessibility

-.142

.133

-.165

-1.066

.289

Service

.148

.140

.155

1.051

.296

Comfort

.608

.121

.685

5.027

.000

Based on Table 3 above, it can be seen that accessibility (X1) is -0.142 with a sig of 0.289, which

means that accessibility (X1) has no significant influence on interest (Y). Service (X2) is a coefficient

of 0.148 with a sig of 0.296 > 0.5, which means that service (X2) has no significant influence on interest

(Y). and for comfort (X3) is 0.608 with a sig of 0.000, which means that comfort (X3) has a significant

influence on interest (Y). It can be concluded that convenience (X3) influences interest (Y), while

accessibility (X1) and service (X2) have no significant influence.

Discussion

Accessibility to the Interest of Public Transportation Users in Timika City

The results of the above analysis show that accessibility has a negative and insignificant

influence on the interest of public transportation users in Timika City (Alam et al., 2024). The results

of the accessibility variable have a negative influence, meaning that when accessibility to public

transportation increases, public interest in using it tends to decrease, and vice versa. This does not

affect but can be caused by several other factors that affect the preference for the use of public

transportation. Insignificant means that the analysis results do not show strong enough evidence to

state that changes in accessibility actually affect public interest. This means that changes in

accessibility are not large enough or inconsistent because they are considered to have a real impact

on people's interest in using public transportation.

Accessibility, Public transportation, in community life, transportation has a very big role in

determining the progress of a nation and state, the role of transportation is the nation's

competitiveness as a means to interact in every activity, in this case, how a nation is able to manage a

reliable transportation system according to Putra, 2016 in (Soimun et al., 2021). According to Redman

et al., 2013 The quality attributes of public transportation that attract the attention of car users that

the physical attributes (e.g., reliability of service, accessibility, price) and perceived quality (e.g.

comfort, safety, convenience) of public transportation, especially affective and motivational

attributes, and reliability of service and frequency, have an important role in attracting car users to

public transportation (Wirahaji & Muka, 2023)

This is stated on (Putrika Damayanti & Khoirudin, 2021) stated that Accessibility has a positive

influence on the interest of public transportation users.

Services to the Interest of Public Transportation Users in Timika City

The results of the above analysis state that services have a negative and insignificant

relationship with the interest of public transportation users. The relationship between services and

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the interest of public transportation users is negative. When the quality of service increases, public

interest in using public transportation tends to decrease, and vice versa. This may indicate that other

factors are more dominant in influencing public interest than the quality of the service itself.

Insignificant means that the analysis results do not show strong evidence to state that changes in

service quality actually affect public interest. In other words, changes in service quality are not large

enough or inconsistent to be considered to have a real impact on people's interest in using public

transportation.

This is stated on (Hidayah, 2020) stated that the level of service does not affect the interest in

using public transportation, while in (Putrika Damayanti & Khoirudin, 2021) stated that the quality

of service has a positive influence on the interest of public transportation users and while in (Alrusydi,

2018) stated that the quality of service has a significant effect on public interest.

Convenience for the Interest of Public Transportation Users in Timika City

The results of the above study state that Comfort has a positive and significant influence on the

interest of public transportation users in the city of Timika. A positive influence means that when the

comfort level in using public transportation increases, people's interest in using public transportation

also increases. This shows that comfort is an important factor that can increase the use of public

transportation by the community in Timika City (Ferdynand & Supriyatna, 2024). Significant means

that the results show strong analytical evidence that changes in comfort levels impact people's

interests. This means that the increase in comfort affects people's decisions to use public

transportation.

This is stated by (Putrika Damayanti & Khoirudin, 2021) that Comfort positively influences

public transportation users' interest.

4. Conclusion

Based on the above research, it can be concluded that Accessibility refers to the ease of people

in reaching and using public transportation services. While important, research shows that improving

accessibility alone is insufficient to increase public interest in public transportation. The quality of

service includes various aspects such as punctuality, staff shortages, and information availability.

Although improving the quality of services is a good step, the study results show that it is also not

significant enough to increase public interest. Comfort includes elements such as cleanliness, seat

comfort, temperature in the vehicle, and tranquility during the trip. Research finds that convenience

is the most significant factor influencing people's interest in public transportation. This means that

people highly value a convenient travel experience and are more likely to opt for public

transportation if they feel comfortable during the trip. To increase public interest in using public

transportation in Timika City, efforts must be focused on improving comfort, which is a very

significant factor. Improvements in accessibility and quality of service are not enough to attract more

users without increasing convenience.

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