Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024

E-ISSN: 2723-6692

P-ISSN: 2723-6595

http://jiss.publikasiindonesia.id/

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 1639

KEYWORDS

ABSTRACT

Audit Delay; Tenure Audit;

Financial Distress; Audit

Quality

In the business sector, quality audits are crucial for ensuring

accountability and transparency in an organization's financial

statements. In the Indonesian setting, businesses that are listed on

the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) must prepare financial

statements that undergo auditing by a Public Accounting Firm (KAP)

to guarantee that fraud and serious errors are not included in the

reports. The purpose of this audit is to give stakeholders assurance

about the Company's financial standing. The purpose of this study is

to evaluate how audit tenure, audit delay, and financial crisis affect

the caliber of audits performed on property and real estate,

manufacturing, and enterprises listed on the Indonesia Stock

Exchange between 2018 and 2022. A quantitative research

methodology is used in this investigation. Purposive sampling was

employed to select 100 data points for the sample. The Indonesia

Stock Exchange and the company's websites are the sources of the

data used. This study demonstrates that audit quality is unaffected

by audit tenure or audit delay. From 2018 to 2022, the quality of

audits in manufacturing and property & real estate companies listed

on the Indonesia Stock Exchange was significantly impacted by

financial difficulty.

Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)

1. Introduction

Recent advancements in the business and economic fields have attracted investors to invest,

which can be seen based on the company's financial performance reflected in the financial statements.

Financial statements provide an accurate picture of management's responsibilities to stakeholders.

Stakeholders utilise the data available in financial statements as a foundation. Financial statements

must be presented in a relevant and reliable manner and accurately describe the company's data for

the benefit of internal and external parties in making appropriate decisions regarding the company's

The Effect of Audit Tenure, Audit Delay and Financial Distress on

Audit Quality in Manufacturing and Property and Real Estate

Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-

2022 Period

Maulitya Cucunabila, Sekar Mayangsari

Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia

Email: [email protected]

Correspondence: [email protected]sakti.ac.id

e-ISSN: 2723-6692 🕮 p-ISSN: 2723-6595

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 1640

policies(Elevendra & Helmayunita, 2021). Every financial report published on the Indonesia Stock

Exchange is required to conduct an audit conducted by an external party or a Public Accounting

Firm/Public Accountant (KAP/AP) to reduce the occurrence of errors and fraud in financial

statements. When a company decides to go public, it must comply with a certain deadline to submit

its annual report. The deadline is stipulated in Financial Services Authority (POJK) Regulation No.

14/POJK.04/2022, specifically Article 4 on submitting annual financial statements for listed

companies. Under this article, public companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange must submit

their audited financial statements to the OJK by the end of the third month following the date of the

annual financial statements. This document provides information on financial position, financial

performance and cash flows to stakeholders regarding the quality of the audit. (Ghassani Malahati,

2024).

Audit quality refers to an auditor's proficiency in identifying and disclosing significant errors.

This is achieved when the auditor follows the principles of the relevant auditing standards and the

code of ethics of public accountants. Auditors can produce high-quality audits by adhering to

appropriate audit standards and principles, maintaining impartiality, complying with legal

requirements, and upholding the professional code of ethics. Public Accounting Firms (KAP) conduct

audits in accordance with the International Standards on Auditing (ISA) of the International Auditing

and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB).

Based on the audited financial statements submitted on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, as of

December 31, 2022, 61 companies did not submit their financial statements. The application number

is Peng-LK-0009/BEI. PP1/05-2023, Peng-LK-0006/BEI. PP1/05-2023, and Peng-LK-0007/BEI.

PP1/05-2023. In accordance with Exchange Regulation Number I-H regarding fines, the IDX will

impose a fine of IDR 50 million if it exceeds the deadline for submitting financial statements (Aris

Nurjani, 2023). Of the 61 listed companies, property and real estate companies have not submitted

their financial statements. This incident is one example of an audit delay that impacts audit quality.

Audit postponement refers to the duration between the end of the financial year and the completion

of the independent audit report. Based on research (Sari, 2020) Research contradicts that audit delays

have no impact on audit quality (Fahruroji et al., 2022) stated that audit delay has a positive effect on

audit quality.

The quality of the audit may be affected by audit delays and audit duration. The audit duration

indicates the time the auditor and client have had a professional relationship, specifically when the

auditor assumes responsibility for auditing the client's organization. This is achieved by using the

same auditee. In 2018, SNP Finance's problems prompted a tenure audit between PT Sunprima

Nusantara Pembinaan (SNP) Finance and Public Accountants Marlinna and Merliyana Syamsul (Safir

Makki, 2018). Extended audit durations do not consistently impact audit quality, and short audit

durations do not guarantee audit quality reliability. Based on research (Elevendra & Helmayunita,

2021) stated that the tenure audit did not affect the quality of the audit, while the research

(Vidhiyanty et al., 2022) noted that the tenure audit positively affected the quality of the audit.

Fluctuations in financial performance are inevitable for every organization. Financial distress

is the continuous deterioration of a company's financial performance over a certain period of time.

The occurrence of economic problems will cause the start of the company's bankruptcy. The root

e-ISSN: 2723-6692 🕮 p-ISSN: 2723-6595

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 1641

cause of this problem can be inadequate strategic planning, cash flow difficulties, high-risk capital

structures, and operational losses. In connection with the COVID-19 outbreak, the company's

operations have recently experienced a slump. Not all companies have been able to maintain their

business operations effectively amid the economy's deterioration due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

This will also impact the quality of the company's audit. Based on research (Fabia Syafanisa

Lizara ;Subiyanto, 2022) Financial difficulties have a real detrimental impact on audit quality. As

economic difficulties increase, audit quality decreases, prompting companies to allocate more funds

for audit costs to achieve higher quality.

This research aims to address the problem of inadequate audit quality among public

accountants and reassess previous research that resulted in conflicting findings about the effect of

audit periods, audit delays, and financial issues on audit quality. This study distinguishes it from

earlier studies by including certain independent factors, namely audit tenure, audit delay and

economic distress. The research focused on manufacturing property and real estate companies listed

on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data was collected from 2018 to 2022. Audit quality is evaluated

by evaluating discretionary accruals that serve as dependent variables.

2. Materials and Methods

Because the researcher uses quantitative data, the data analysis in this research method is

quantitative, systematic, organised, and clearly structured. The research will concentrate on

businesses involved in real estate and property manufacturing that were listed on the Indonesia Stock

Exchange between 2018 and 2022.

The main focus of the population taken is companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

between 2018 and 2022 in the manufacturing, property, and real estate industries. Twenty

businesses over a five-year period were sampled, bringing the total to one hundred samples. The

sample population consists of business actors who have denominated their finances in Rupiah (Rp)

for at least five years.

Audit Quality

This study uses Audit quality as a dependent variable (Y). Discretionary accrual is a substitute

for audit quality, and the rate is used to estimate audit quality. Discretionary accruals are used to

show that management is actively involved in profit reporting (see Elevendra & Helmayunita, 2021).

Discretionary accrual is determined using the Kaznik 1999 model, which separates total accrual into

discretionary and non-discretionary parts. The following formula is based on the company's total

accrual: Calculating discretionary non-accrual: TACit = NIit – CFOit. Calculating discretionary: DACCit

= TACit - NDACit / TAit-1. Calculate audit quality: AQ=-DACCit.

Audit Tenure

Tenure audit refers to the length of the auditor's engagement with the client, as determined by

the size of the audited financial statements. In this study, audit tenure is defined as the length of time

auditors from the same KAP (Public Accounting Firm) have been involved in conducting audit

e-ISSN: 2723-6692 🕮 p-ISSN: 2723-6595

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 1642

assignments for the organization. For assignments that start with the number 1 and for assignments

that continue with the same KAP, the number 1 is added in each subsequent year.

Audit Delay

Audit postponement refers to the duration between the closing of the financial statement book

and the publication of the audit report. In this study, the audit delay is determined by subtracting the

number of days that end on the company's book date from the date of the independent auditor's

report. The audit delay is calculated as the date of the public accountant's report, less the company's

fiscal year.

Financial Distress

A company is in financial distress if its financial condition continues to decline for several years,

which can lead to bankruptcy. Companies that have declared bankruptcy will be denoted by a certain

value on the Altman Z-Score model that measures financial hardship. The linear equation

representing Altman's Z-Score is as follows: five "T" coefficients represent a given monetary value: Z

= X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + X5.

Information:

X1: Working capital/Total assets

X2: Retained earnings/ Total assets

X3: Earnings before interest and tax/ Total assets

X4: Book value of equity/Total liabilities

X5: Sales/ Total assets

Panel Data Regression Analysis

Panel data regression allows for a more comprehensive analysis by combining cross-sectional

and time series data. Cross-sectional surveys examine multiple units of data at a single point in time.

In contrast, time panel data examines numerous variables within a single observation unit over a

specific period. The panel data regression equation used in this study is a two-way model. The time

variable is part of a two-way daily model. (Hidayat, 2014).

3. Result and Discussion

Statistical Test

Chow Test Results

Tabel 1 Chow Test Results

Redundant Fixed Effects Tests

Equation: Untitled

Test cross-section fixed effects

Effects Test

Statistic

d.f.

Pro

Cross-section F

0.902195

(4,17)

0.4845

e-ISSN: 2723-6692 🕮 p-ISSN: 2723-6595

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 1643

Cross-section Chi-square

4.812597

0.3071

Source: Data output E-views.

Based on testing using E-Views, the Chow test checks whether the data is more compatible with

the Common Effect (CE) or Fixed Effect (FE) models. The Common Effect model was chosen for this

study based on the probability value of 0.3071> 0.05.

Hausman Result Test

Tabel 2 Hausman Result

Correlated Random Effects - Hausman Test

Equation: Untitled

Test cross-section random effects

Test Summary

Chi-Sq.

Statistic

Chi-Sq. d.f.

Pro

Cross-section random

3.478981

0.3

235

Source: Data output E-views.

The Hausman test was conducted to decide between the Common Effect (CE) and Random

Effect (RE) models. Based on the Probability value of 0.3235 > 0.05, as shown in the E-view output,

the Random Effect model was chosen for this study.

Lagrange Multiplier Test Results

Tabel 3 Langrange Multiplier Test

Lagrange Multiplier Tests for Random Effects

Null hypotheses: No effects

Alternative hypotheses: Two-sided (Breusch-Pagan) and one-

sided

(all others) alternatives

Test Hypothesis

Cross-section

Time

Both

Breusch-Pagan

0.288806

0.973154

1.261960

(0.5910)

(0.3239)

(0.2613)

Honda

-0.537406

-0.986486

-1.077555

(0.7045)

(0.8381)

(0.8594)

King-Wu

-0.537406

-0.986486

-1.077555

(0.7045)

(0.8381)

(0.8594)

Standardized Honda

0.446707

-0.822596

-3.602004

(0.3275)

(0.7946)

(0.9998)

Standardized King-Wu

0.446707

-0.822596

-3.602004

(0.3275)

(0.7946)

(0.9998)

Gourieroux et al.

0.000000

(1.0000)

e-ISSN: 2723-6692 🕮 p-ISSN: 2723-6595

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 1644

Source: Data output E-views.

The Lagrange Multiplier test determines whether the Random Effect (RE) model is superior to

the Common Effect (CE) model. This study uses the Common Effect model because the Probability

value is 0.5910 > 0.05.

The Common Effect Model was determined to be the most appropriate model for this study by

analyzing the results of the Chow test, the Hausman test, and the Lagrange Multiplier test.

Classical Assumption Test

Since we're using the Common Effect Model, we must perform a classical assumption test. The

heteroscedasticity test and the multicollinearity test are the classic assumption tests used.

Multicollinearity Test

Tabel 4 Multicollinearity Test

1.000000

-0.031720

-0.002440

-0.031720

1.000000

0.044252

-0.002440

0.044252

1.000000

Source: Data output E-views.

If the regression model detects a relationship between independent variables, we run a

multicollinearity test to find out. Independent variables influenced by dependent variables in the

appropriate regression model should not have a linear relationship. It can be concluded that it does

not show multicollinearity or pass the multicollinearity test; according to the results obtained, the

correlation coefficient between X1 and X2 is -0.031720 < 0.85.

Heteroscedasticity Test

-1.6

-1.2

-0.8

-0.4

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

1 - 18

1 - 19

1 - 20

1 - 21

1 - 22

2 - 18

2 - 19

2 - 20

2 - 21

2 - 22

3 - 18

3 - 19

3 - 20

3 - 21

3 - 22

4 - 18

4 - 19

4 - 20

4 - 21

4 - 22

5 - 18

5 - 19

5 - 20

5 - 21

5 - 22

Y Residuals

Figure 1Heteroscedacity test

Source: Data output E-views.

One type of regression analysis is the heteroscedasticity test, which looks for evidence of

unequal variances between the residual values observed in the model. Homogeneity of variance is the

condition where the variance between two residual values of an observation remains constant.

e-ISSN: 2723-6692 🕮 p-ISSN: 2723-6595

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 1645

Heteroscedasticity, on the other hand, occurs when there is a difference in the variance of the residual

values from one observation to another.. The presence of heteroscedasticity should not be detected

in high-quality regression models. According to Hidayat (2013c), the Glacier Test is used in the

heteroscedasticity test through the regression analysis of independent variables to the Absolute

Residue value. The residual variance is the same, as seen in the blue remainder chart, which does not

exceed the 500 and -500 limits. There were no signs of heteroscedasticity or successful completion of

the heteroscedasticity test.

Hypothesis Test

The regression equation of the panel data is as follows: Y = -1.00 - 0.55*X1 + 0.01*X2 - 0.26*X3.

The explanation is as follows:

1. A constant value of -1.00 indicates that the audit quality variable (Y) will decrease by 100%

without the audit tenure (X1), audit delay (X2), and financial distress (X3).

2. If all other factors remain the same and the audit tenure variable (X1) decreases by 55%, then

the audit quality variable (Y) also decreases by 55%, corresponding to the beta coefficient value

of 0.55. Conversely, a 55% increase in variable X1 will result in a 55% increase in the audit

quality variable (Y) if all other variables remain the same.

3. The audit delay variable (X2) has a beta coefficient of 0.01. If all other variables remain the same

and X2 drops by 55%, then the audit quality variable (Y) will increase by 1%. Conversely, if all

other variables remain the same and X2 grows by 55%, then Y, the audit quality variable, will

fall by 1%.

4. A beta coefficient of 0.26 for the financial distress variable (X3) means that a decrease in audit

quality (Y) of 26% will occur if all other variables remain and X3 decrease by 55%. Conversely,

a 26% increase in the X3 variable will result in a 26% increase in the Audit Quality (Y) variable

if all other variables remain the same.

Coefficient of Determination (R

)

Table 5 Coefficients of determination (R

)

R-squared

0.374999

Adjusted R-squared

0.285713

S.E. of regression

0.716167

Sum squared resid

10.77079

Log-likelihood

24.94798

F-statistic

4.199978

Prob(F-statistic)

0.017806

Source: Data output E-views.

The customized R-squared value is 0.285713, or 28.57%. According to the determination

coefficient value, the independent variables of this study, namely audit tenure, audit delay, and

financial distress, explained the audit quality variable by 28.57%; other variables accounted for the

remaining 71.43% (100—adjusted R-squared value).

e-ISSN: 2723-6692 🕮 p-ISSN: 2723-6595

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 1646

Test Value t

Table 6 of the test value t

Dependent Variable: Y

Method: Panel Least Squares

Date: 06/22/24 Time: 16:38

Sample: 2018 2022

Periods included: 5

Cross-sections included: 5

Total panel (balanced) observations: 25

Variable

Coefficient

Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.

-1.001548

0.942145

-1.063050

0.2998

-0.546503

0.731303

-0.747301

0.4632

0.000106

6.56E-05

1.611496

0.1220

-0.257914

0.082390

-3.130416

0.0051

Source: Data output E-views.

The influence of independent variables on partial dependent variables is as follows:

a. The t-test results on the audit tenure variable (X1) obtained a t-value of 0.747301 < t table,

which is 2.068658 and a sig value. 0.4632 > 0.05, then Ha is rejected, and H0 is accepted,

meaning that the audit tenure variable (X1) does not affect the audit quality (Y).

b. The t-test results on the audit delay variable (X2) obtained a calculated t-value of 1.611496 <

t table, 2.068658, and a sig value. 0.1220 > 0.05, then Ha is rejected, and H0 is accepted,

meaning that the audit delay variable (X2) does not affect the audit quality (Y).

c. The t-test results on the financial distress variable (X3) obtained a calculated t-value of

3.130416 > the tablet, 2.068658, and a sig value. 0.0051 < 0.05, then Ha is accepted, and H0 is

rejected, meaning that the financial distress variable (X2) affects the audit quality (Y).

Hipotesis:

H01: Audit tenure variables affect audit quality

Ha1: Audit tenure variable does not affect audit quality

H02: Audit delay variables affect audit quality

Ha2: Audit delay variable does not affect audit quality

H03: Financial distress variable does not affect audit quality

Ha3: Financial distress variables affect audit quality

Test for F Value

Table 7 Test F Value

R-squared

0.374999

Adjusted R-squared

0.285713

S.E. of regression

0.716167

Sum squared resid

10.77079

Log-likelihood

-24.94798

F-statistic

4.199978

e-ISSN: 2723-6692 🕮 p-ISSN: 2723-6595

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 1647

Prob(F-statistic)

0.017806

Source: Data output E-views.

The F value of 4.199978 is greater than the table F value of 3.072467 and the significance level.

Since the p-value is less than 0.05 < 0.017806, we can reject the null hypothesis and accept the

alternative hypothesis (Ha), which states that Audit Quality is affected by audit delay, financial

distress, and tenure.

Hipotesis:

H04: Audit tenure variables, audit delay, and financial distress do not affect audit quality

Ha4: Audit tenure variables, audit delay, and financial distress affect audit quality

Discussion

The Effect of Audit Tenure on Audit Quality

The data processing results showed that the audit tenure variable did not significantly affect

audit quality, and the length of engagement with the same auditor had a considerable value.

Therefore, the null hypothesis (H1) is negligible. The findings of this study are consistent with the

research conducted by (Vidhiyanty et al., 2022) which states that the tenure audit does not affect the

quality of the audit.

An auditor's involvement with a client, measured by the duration of the audited financial

statements, is known as audit tenure (Angela et al., 2019). Based on the competency element, auditors

with more experience in the field will be better able to identify clients' unique information and

industry trends, increasing their ability to spot major financial statement misrepresentations

(Johnson et al., 2002).

The Effect of Audit Delay on Audit Quality

The processed data showed no statistically significant relationship between the amount of time

it took to publish an audit report and the quality of the audit. Therefore, the second hypothesis (H2)

can be ruled out. These findings align with previous research (Sari, 2020) that did not find a

correlation between audit time and audit quality.

According to Abernathy et al. (2017), the length of an audit is defined as the time it takes for an

auditor to complete his audit, starting from when the financial statement book is closed until the date

the audit report is issued. Longer audit delays mean auditors need to spend more time auditing

financial statements, which determines whether financial statements have been reported on time.

The Effect of Financial Distress on Audit Quality

The data processing findings reveal that the magnitude of a company's financial downturn

influences the quality of the audit. H3 is therefore recognized as the third hypothesis. Financial

distress affects audit quality, according to research (Fabia Syafanisa Lizara; Subiyanto, 2022), but the

results of the study are contradictory.

A financial crisis occurs when a company's financial performance drops drastically over a long

period of time. Financial difficulties trigger the bankruptcy of a business. The root causes of this

problem include ineffective corporate planning, difficult cash flow, an overly risky capital structure,

and operational losses. The COVID-19 epidemic has recently led to a decline in business operations.

Due to the economy's deterioration due to the COVID-19 epidemic, not all businesses have the means

to continue operating. Therefore, the reliability of the company's audit will also decrease.

e-ISSN: 2723-6692 🕮 p-ISSN: 2723-6595

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 1648

4. Conclusion

The researchers did not find a correlation between audit tenure characteristics and audit

quality, such as the length of audit assignments or audit delays caused by the size of audit reports.

Meanwhile, audit quality is affected by financial distress, which is interpreted as a decline in the

company's economic performance. From 2018 to 2022, researchers used E-Views 12 to analyze data

from manufacturing property & and real estate companies.

This research has important implications for regulators, auditors, companies, and investors:

Regulators: OJK and IDX can use the results of this study to understand the factors that affect audit

quality and develop better policies and regulations to increase transparency and accountability in the

capital market. Auditors: Public Accounting Firms can gain insight into how audit periods and delays

affect audit quality, so they can evaluate and improve audit practices to increase stakeholder trust.

Companies listed on the IDX can understand the importance of maintaining a healthy financial

condition and avoiding delays in the audit process to maintain the quality and credibility of their

financial statements. Investors: Investors can use the results of this research to make better

investment decisions by considering the quality of audits as an indicator of the reliability of a

company's financial statements. This study contributes significantly to academic literature and

practice in the real world by identifying important factors that affect audit quality in Indonesia.

5. References

Angela, A., Miharja, M., Wijantini, W., & Farhana, S. (2019). Pengaruh Audit TenureTerhadap Kualitas

Audit pada Perusahaan Terbuka di Indonesia. Studi Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia, 2(2),

224–250. https://doi.org/10.21632/saki.2.2.224-250

Aris Nurjani. (2023). Telat Setor Laporan Keuangan, 61 Emiten Kena Sanksi dan Denda Rp 50 Juta.

KONTAN.CO.ID. https://investasi.kontan.co.id/news/telat-setor-laporan-keuangan-61-

emiten-kena-sanksi-dan-denda-rp-50-juta

Chasanah, I. N., Sabrina, Z. N., Makhsunnah, C. E., Aziza, A. L., & Pramiana, O. (2023). Pengaruh Audit

Tenure dan Fee Audit terhadap Kualitas Audit. Margin Eco, 6(2), 370–384.

https://doi.org/10.32764/margin.v6i2.3411

Elevendra, D., & Helmayunita, N. (2021). Pengaruh Audit Tenure dan Auditor Switching Terhadap

Kualitas Audit pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Indonesia dengan Financial Distress Sebagai

Pemoderasi. Jurnal Eksplorasi Akuntansi, 3(1), 82–97.

https://doi.org/10.24036/jea.v3i1.344

Fabia Syafanisa Lizara ;Subiyanto, B. (2022). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Audit Tenure, Dan

Financial Distress Terhadap Kualitas Audit (Studi Pada Perusahaan Jasa Sektor Keuangan

yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2017-2021). 11(4), 79–84.

Fahruroji, D., Cheisviyanny, C., & Septiari, D. et al. (2022). Faktor Determinasi Kualitas Audit. Wahana

Riset Akuntansi, 10(1), 23–35. http://ejournal.unp.ac.id/index.php/wra

Ghassani Malahati, E. S. (2024). Pengaruh Peran Komite Audit, Umur Perusahaan dan

UkuranPerusahaanterhadap Audit Delay: Studi pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor PropertydanReal

Estate yang Listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia 2018-2021. 6(1), 59–71.

Hidayat, A. (2013). Uji Heteroskedastisitas dengan Uji Glejser. Statistikian.Com.

Hidayat, A. (2014). Penjelasan Metode Analisis Regresi Data Panel.

e-ISSN: 2723-6692 🕮 p-ISSN: 2723-6595

Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2024 1649

Hussain, A., & Akbar, M. (2022). Dividend policy and earnings management: Do agency problem and

financing constraints matter? Borsa Istanbul Review, 22(5), 839–853.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.05.003

Indreswari, V. M., & NR, E. (2023). Pengaruh Audit Tenure, Ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik, Ukuran

Perusahaan dan Financial Distress terhadap Audit Delay. Jurnal Eksplorasi Akuntansi, 5(2),

438–451. https://doi.org/10.24036/jea.v5i2.682

Jensen, M. C. ; W. H. M. (2019). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency cost and ownership

structure. Human Relations, 72(10), 1671–1696.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726718812602

Mardani, R. (2021). Uji Asumsi Klasik untuk Regresi Data Panel. Mjurnal.Com.

Maswar, M. (2017). Analisis Statistik Deskriptif Nilai UAS Ekonomitrika Mahasiswa dengan Program

SPSS 23 & Eviews 8.1. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Indonesia, 1(2), 273–292.

https://doi.org/10.35316/jpii.v1i2.54

Mayangsari, R. (2018). Pengaruh Struktur Modal, Keputusan Investasi, Kepemilikan Manajerial, Dan

Komite Audit Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Aneka Industri Yang Listing Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Periode 2012-2016. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 6(4), 477–485. www.idx.co.id

Meiryani. (2021). Memahami Koefisien Determinasi Dalam Regresi Linear. Accounting.Binus.Ac.Id.

Safir Makki. (2018). Kasus SNP Finance, Dua Kantor Akuntan Publik Diduga Bersalah. CNN Indonesia.

https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20180926072123-78-333248/kasus-snp-

finance-dua-kantor-akuntan-publik-diduga-bersalah

Sari, D. M. (2020). Pengaruh Audit Delay Terhadap Kualitas Audit Dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai

Variabel Moderasi Pada Perusahaan Transportasi Yang Listing Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal

Akuntansi Dan Sistem Teknologi Informasi, 15(1), 1–8.

https://doi.org/10.33061/jasti.v15i1.3661

Setiawati. (2021). Analisis Pengaruh Kebijakan Deviden terhadap Nilai Perusahaan pada Perusahaan

Farmasi di BEI. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian, 1(8), 1581–1590.

Supriyanto, S., Pina, P., Christian, C., & Silvana, V. (2022). Menganalisis Indikator Kualitas Audit Pada

Perusahaan Audit Di Indonesia. SIBATIK JOURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi,

Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan, 2(1), 199–210.

https://doi.org/10.54443/sibatik.v2i1.520

Sutra, F. M., & Mais, R. G. (2019). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Financial Distress dengan

Pendekatan Altman Z-Score pada Perusahaan Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek

Indonesia Tahun 2015-2017. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 16(01), 34–72.

https://doi.org/10.36406/jam.v16i01.267

Vidhiyanty, P. M., Asmapane, S., & Lahaya, I. A. (2022). Pengaruh audit tenure, ukuran perusahaan,

ukuran kap dan rotasi kap terhadap kualitas audit. Akuntabel, 19(1), 196–201.

https://doi.org/10.30872/jakt.v19i1.10292