Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024
E-ISSN: 2723-6692
P-ISSN: 2723-6595
http://jiss.publikasiindonesia.id/
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2024 1378
Political News Framing Approach at Detik.com: Analysis of the
2024 Presidential Election Results Dispute
Rivana Alwardah, Izhhari Ichasul Dwitama, Asep Sunandar Nugraha
Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia
Email: rivanaalw@gmail.com
Correspondence: [email protected]m
*
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Framing Analysis; News;
Detik.Com; Media Online
This research aims to find out the analysis of framing (framing/packaging)
political news in online media Detik.com regarding the news of the dispute
hearing of the 2024 presidential election results. To answer this problem,
the framing method of the Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M Kosicki model was
used. This research is included in qualitative. The data analysis used in this
study was media text analysis using the framing analysis method using the
Zhong Dang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki model approach. The reserch results
show that detik.com, in reporting news uses the inverted pyramid
technique. Where the main topic of discussion discussed in the news is
stored at the beginning of the news. In addition, there are several data
obtained by news writers from the statements of sources to be used as data
sources. The news structure uses 5W+1H, and the source does not throw
many quotes.
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
1. Introduction
The rapid development of communication technology from day to day supports the shift of
news portals from conventional to online news. This answers the needs of the community, who make
information an inseparable part of life (Hermawanto & Anggraini, 2020; Mahyuddin, 2019; Pamuji, 2019).
News delivered by various media can differ from one to the other depending on the ability to
construct and frame a reality. Journalists or reporters can have different views by looking at an event.
But sometimes news writing is constructed not in accordance with the existing reality (Fianto &
Aminulloh, 2015). A news story is sometimes constructed not in accordance with the results it was
constructed (Boukes & Vliegenthart, 2020). In a sense, the news conveyed in the media turns out to
hold the writer's subjectivity and is not neutral. The news published in the media results from
journalists' knowledge and thoughts (Carlson, 2017; Harbers & Broersma, 2014). This means that before
publishing news, the news has been processed in accordance with the interests and ideology of the
media.
Each piece of news has its own characteristics in conveying news. Media that is not only used
as a means of conveying information but also as a tool to lead public opinion in accordance with the
goals of each media, with the presence of these media often causes diverse public opinions.
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According to news released by Cove.id, the most accurate and most frequently visited online
news portal by the public is detik.com. detik.com is an online media site in which various events,
opinions, ideas, and others are displayed. This is the background for the author's research on how
this major online media portal constructs news on its site.
This year, the political activity highlighted by the media is the simultaneous election activity
held on February 14, where then on March 20, 2024, the KPU announced the results with 58% of the
votes obtained by the Prabowo-Gibran pair. However, it turned out that it did not end there because
the two pairs of presidential candidates, number 01 and 03, namely the Anies-Muhaimin and Ganjar-
Mahfud pair, filed a lawsuit with the Constitutional Court with the message that there was a lot of
fraud in the elections that had been held.
During the process that has taken place until now, the media has not stopped highlighting the
progress of the Constitutional Court trial process. Legal teams 01, 02, and 03 continue to fight to
defend what they consider to be right. Detik.com is one of the major online media outlets that also
reports events. It is the largest online media outlet, and it has a big role in providing information and
spreading opinions to the wider community. This research aims to find out how the media detik.com
processes news that will be disseminated and what framing is highlighted and omitted by the
detik.com media to convey information that is in accordance with reality.
Many previous research studies have conducted the same research, namely framing analysis of
a news report in online media as done Gunawan & Setiawan (2022).On the news of the distribution of
Covid-19 vaccines, Z, Hanifah dan H Setiawan (2023) to the news of the Kanjuruhan tragedy on the
online media detik.com and Radar Malang, Q Aini and H Setiawan (2021) Regarding the news, the
Minister of Social Affairs Risma responded to the case of child abuse in the Malang Orphanage. In
addition, research conducted by Saputri & Asmara (2015) about Framing Analysis of the News of the
2014 Presidential Election (Pilpres) on the public daily of the updated vote (Framing Analysis Study
of Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M Kosicki in Rubsik Main Report for the Period May – July. This study
seeks to conduct a framing analysis using the framing of Zhong Dang Pan and Gerald M Kosicki in the
detik.com media about the news of the 2024 presidential election results dispute hearing published
on the April 1, 2024, edition. This kind of research has indeed been carried out a lot, but there has
been no research that reveals the object of the presidential election dispute trial through the
detik.com media with the model of Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M Kosicki.
2. Materials and Methods
This research is included in qualitative research. This qualitative research method is a method
based on the philosophy of postpositivism, used to research the natural condition of objects in which
the researcher is the key instrument until the results emphasize meaning rather than generalization.
The primary and secondary data sources that will be used in this study are primary and secondary.
Primary data was obtained by collecting and documenting news texts regarding the presidential
election dispute hearing in the detik.com media edition of April 1, 2024. Meanwhile, secondary data
will be collected by searching for data from various sources such as books, the internet, theses, and
journals, which will be used as reference materials for research. The data analysis used in this study
was media text analysis using the framing analysis method using the Zhong Dang Pan and Gerald M.
Kosicki model approach.
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3. Results and Discussions
This study aims to conduct a framing analysis of the news of the 2024 presidential election
results dispute hearing in the detik.com media edition of April 1, 2024. The study of the news of the
dispute hearing of the presidential election results was analyzed and interpreted by the framing
analysis method of the Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M Kosicki Model. This framing model introduced
by Pan and Kosicki is one of the most popular and widely used models. The model itself was
introduced through an article in the Journal of Political Communication. The article was originally a
paper presented at the Convention of the International Communication Association in Florida. For
Pan and Kosicki, this framing analysis can be an alternative in analyzing media texts in addition to
quantitative content analysis. Framing analysis is seen as the public about an issue or policy is
constructed and negotiated (Browne et al., 2019; Bunea, 2020). According to Pan and Kosicki, there
is a difference in topic with theme. A theme is an idea that connects different parts of meaning into a
coherent overall story. The structural dimensions of the framing approach, according to Pan and
Kosicki's model analysis, have four dimensions, namely syntactic structure, script structure, thematic
structure, and rhetorical structure (Febriyanti & Karina, 2021).
Table 1 Pan and Kosicki Model Framing Device
Structure
Framing Lift
Observed units
SINTAKSIS (the way Journalists
Construct facts)
1. News Scheme
Headline, lead, background,
information, quotes, Sources,
Statements, Closing
SCRIPT (How journalists tell
facts)
2. News Completeness
5 w + 1 H
THEMATIC (How journalists
write Facts)
3. Details
4. Coherence
5. Sentence form
6. Pronouns
Paragraphs, propositions,
sentences., relationships,
between sentences
RHETORIC (The way journalists
emphasize facts)
7. Leksikon
8. Graphics
9. Metaphor
Kata, idiom, gambar, grafik
In reporting on political issues, each media has its own frame. By using framing analysis, it will
be known which frames are carried by the mass media. The frame of a media will be influenced by
the vision, mission and role of journalists in producing news. The news frame will be seen in the
efforts of journalists to compile facts obtained from the field, journalists who narrate or narrate
events, and journalists who write facts and can be seen how journalists emphasize certain meanings
in the news. For this reason, in looking at the framing of news on the CNN Indonesia online media
portal against certain political news rules, the author will use the framing analysis of the Zhongdang
Pan and Gerald M models (Sujaya & Setiawan, 2023). Kosicki formulated in syntactic structure, script
structure, thematic structure, and rhetorical structure (Febriyanti & Karina, 2021).
This research will earlier specify news news in online media detik.com as the focus of the
research study. There are a number of news about the dispute hearing on the results of the
presidential election raised by Detik.com are held hostage, including:
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News 1: "The Constitutional Court Session Heats Up Because Hotman Vs Amin's Camp
Retaliates Against Each Other" (April 1, 2024)
Element
Unit
Writing Strategy
Information
Sintaksis
Headline
Sidang MK Memanas karena Hotman Vs Kubu Amin
Saling Balas
Headline
Lead
The follow-up hearing of the 2024 General Election
Results Dispute (PHPU) dispute at the Constitutional
Court (MK) was held again today with the agenda of
listening to witness and expert testimony from the
applicant for the number 01 pair Anies Baswedan
and Muhaimin Iskandar.
First
paragraph
first sentence
Background
In the middle of the trial, Hotman Paris protested to
the AMIN camp. He felt that the Managing Director of
Political Economy and Policy Studies (PEPS),
Anthony Budiawan, as an expert from the Anies-
Muhaimin legal team, did not answer the questions
asked
Paragraph
fifth
Quotation
1) Hotman: "I'm a bit confused, is this a legal expert
or an economist? Because earlier his opinion had
exceeded that of legal experts. My question is, if
your accusation is true, (about) Jokowi
committing a criminal act of corruption, Jokowi
violated the State Budget Law, Jokowi violated
(because) he did not ask for the approval of the
House of Representatives. Therefore, the
petitioner asked for the election to be canceled
and repeated, "The question is, is the
Constitutional Court authorized in its decision to
state, because Jokowi violated the Corruption
Law, violated the State Budget Law, violated the
Social Assistance Law, then the election must be
canceled and repeated? Meanwhile, none of
these parties are parties to this case, neither
Jokowi, the House of Representatives, nor the
ministers. Can the Constitutional Court state that
it is the cause of the election to be canceled?”
“The Assembly, Hotman Paris' question has not
been answered, whether the petitioner's
application with allegations of Jokowi
committing corruption can be used by the
Constitutional Court as a basis for canceling the
election just because of his expertise?”
2) Suhartoyo "Yes, don't be too excited, you
(experts) want to answer no?”
3) Anthony: "I handed it over, because the decision
was in the Court, so I handed it over to the Court.
It's not my authorityHotman: "Please allow the
assembly, he's the one who started, he's the one
who says Jokowi is corrupt, he's the one who says
this, he has to be consequential as an expert
(who) drafts
Paragraph
three
Paragraf 9
Paragraf 10
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4) Suhartoyo "Yes, but as for whether it is the
authority of the Constitutional Court, it is not
answered, it is left to the Court"
Hotman "Yes, I mean, he as an expert should be
consequential with his answer, not just
nonsense,”
5) Hotman: "Does the expert voice have a
certificate, has an international certificate as a
digital forensic? Because in the general court, if
you don't have that, you are not recognized"
Second, one of the absolute requirements for
digital forensics to be valid is that the account
must be given in its entirety to an expert and then
audited, then there is the term, in Cellebrite. All
the contents were dismantled. It is similar to an
audit of an accounting firm, it is impossible for an
accounting firm to issue a profit and loss balance
without being audited, all documents from the
company,
6) Yudi: "Cellebrite is the name of your tool, for the
sake of mobile forensics. So the term di-cellebrite
is not right, yes, "What I convey is a digital
forensic mindset, sir. So we are not saying that
we are doing digital forensic activities. If indeed
there must be a request and many procedures
officially. If we do it, it is based on existing data
and facts. We just showed a shortcut from the
published one. Anyone can do it because it can be
obtained from the public. IT people must
understand and are used to doing it "When it
comes to competence, thank God I have been in
this field for almost 20 years in digital forensic,
S2 and S3 digital forensic. When it comes to
certification, I have participated in certification
several times in the past,
7) Andry "We opened a call center before the
February 14, 2024 election, there were a lot of
complaints in the call center of the East Java legal
team, so that only a few were submitted, related
to the problem of the average involvement in
East Java, the Kades who were mobilized to
support the 02 paslon, and there were also Kades
who received threats that did not declare to
support 02. It is proven in Tarik Village, Sidoarjo,
who has been sentenced to a Kades named
Ahmad Irvandi was sentenced to 5 months of
probation in Sidoarjo. There is a pattern that is
carried out, namely using Village Hall facilities to
support the 02 passport" Then we received a
complaint at the call center that there were
several Ngawi Kades who also received threats,
so we and the team went to Ngawi to look for
witnesses. However, we have difficulties because
Paragraph 12
Paragraph 14
Paragraph 21
Paragraph 28
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there are no witnesses who want to make reports
or cooperate because there is allegedly
intimidation
Suhartoyo: "What kind of intimidation”
8) Andry: "We are looking for the Head of Village
Head to be able to make a report that he was
intimidated, but we can't meet and so on"
Second, it was at the Pamekasan location that
Gus Miftah was asked to distribute money to the
community, Rp 50 thousand each, and at that
time there were sympathizers who raised
clothes with Prabowo's picture
9) Hotman " To the five fact witnesses, almost all
said that he said, he said, from the call center, did
not experience and did not see for himself. In
comparison, I as this legal representative I
received thousands of complaints to Kopi Johny.
But I could not be a witness, because I only
received complaints. Is it true that the
acknowledgment of the voice earlier is that you
did receive the call center, received the
complaint, but did not see the report you
reported yourself," said Hotman in the hearing.
Paragraph 34
Paragraph 38
Pernyataan
1) Hotman Paris as the legal representative of
team 02 stated that "Second, one of the
absolute requirements for digital forensics to
be legal is that the account must be given in its
entirety to experts and then audited, then there
is the term, in Cellebrite. All the contents were
dismantled. It is similar to an audit of an
accounting firm, it is impossible for an
accounting firm to issue a profit and loss
balance without being audited, all documents
from the company”
2) Yudi: "ellebrite is the name of the tool, sir, for
the sake of mobile forensics. So the term di-
cellebrite is not right”
3) Yudi "What I convey is a digital forensic
mindset, sir. So we are not saying that we are
doing digital forensic activities. If indeed there
must be a request and many procedures
officially. If we do it, it is based on existing data
and facts. We just showed a shortcut from the
published one. Anyone can do it because it can
be obtained from the public. IT people must
understand and are used to doing it”
Paragraph 24
Paragraph 26
Paragraph 28
Penutupan
Hotman "To the five fact witnesses, almost all of
them said that they said, he said, from the call center,
did not experience and did not see for themselves. In
comparison, I, as this legal representative I received
thousands of complaints to Kopi Johny. But I could
not be a witness because I only received complaints.
Is it true that the voice recognition earlier is that you
Paragraph 38
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did receive the call center received the complaint but
did not see the report you reported yourself
Skrip
Who
Hotman Vs Kubu Amin
What
Hotman retaliates with Amin's camp in the
presidential election dispute hearing
Why
In the middle of the trial, Hotman Paris protested to
the AMIN camp. He felt that the Managing Director of
Political Economy and Policy Studies (PEPS),
Anthony Budiawan, as an expert from the Anies-
Muhaimin legal team, did not answer the questions
asked
When
1 April 2024
Where
Constitutional Court, Jakarta
How
The debate occurred when Hotman protested to
Amin's camp because PEPS did not answer the
questions raised and then there was a mutual
exchange
Thematic
(Paragraphs,
propositions,
relationships
between
sentences)
Coherence
Details,
Sentence
Form
1) Presidential election dispute hearing at the
Supreme Court heats up,
2) Hotman Vs Amin's Mutual Reply
Headline
Retoris
Leksikon
Presidential Election Dispute, Heating, Hotman Vs
Amin's Camp
Grafis
-
Foto
Hotman Paris during the Constitutional Court
hearing
The frame of the online media portal Detik.com regarding the news of the heated presidential
election results dispute between Hotman and the Amin camp can be seen from the syntactic structure.
There is an April 1 edition when the presidential election dispute hearing at the Constitutional Court
is being held, starting with the title "The Constitutional Court Session Heats Up Because Hotman Vs
Amin's Camp Retaliates Against Each Other." It seems Detik.Com was trying to explain the situation
in the Constitutional Court which is heated up because of the situation of Hotman and Anis Camp
retaliating against each other.
News 2: "When Expert 01 Thinks There Is Jokowi's Help Behind Prabowo's Victory”
Element
Unit
Writing Strategy
Information
Sintaksis
Headline
Kala Ahli 01 Anggap Ada
Bantuan Jokowi di Balik
kemenangan Prabowo
Headline
Lead
1. The expert presented by
the number 1 presidential
and vice presidential
candidates in the 2024
Presidential Election,
Anies Baswedan-
Muhaimin Iskandar,
considers Prabowo
First paragraph first
sentence
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Subianto-Gibran
Rakabuming Raka to win
because of the help of
President Joko Widodo
(Jokowi).
2. The legal team of the
Prabowo-Gibran camp
also responded scathingly
to 01's expert testimony.
Anies experts conveyed
this information in the
dispute hearing over the
results of the 2024
Presidential Election at
the Constitutional Court
on Monday (1/4/2024).
One of the experts
presented by the AMIN
Team was Vid Adrison, an
economics lecturer from
the University of
Indonesia.
First paragraph,
second sentence
Background
In his presentation, Vid
initially linked the issue of
poverty, the provision of social
assistance and Jokowi's visit to
Prabowo Subianto-Gibran
Rakabuming Raka's vote in the
2024 Presidential Election. Vid
said low-income and low-
educated societies tend to be
myopic or a condition in which
a person or group of people is
unable to fulfill their basic
rights to sustain and develop
life.
first paragraph third
sentence
Quotation
1. Vid Adrison, Lecturer in
Economics, University of
Indonesia "People with
low income or low
education usually tend to
be myopic, because they
focus on fighting for their
daily needs, so usually the
long-term implications
for decisions, including
the presidential choice,
have low weight," said
Vid.
2. Faisal Basri initially
raised the issue of the
politics of the pork barrel.
He said the pork barrel
Second paragraph,
first sentence
Third paragraph,
first sentence
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phenomenon occurred in
the United States, where
when lawmakers want to
be re-elected, they will
include many projects
with large budgets in
their constituencies.
Pernyataan
Vid Adrison, a lecturer in
Economics at the University of
Indonesia, stated that the
simple language is that the
economy runs on autopilot.
But it must be remembered
that when economic
conditions are bad, people are
of the view that it is the result
of the government. This
departs from the psychological
aspect. The person's reaction
is always greater to the bad
than the good," he said.
Second paragraph,
sixth sentence.
Penutupan
1. Vid Adrison, a lecturer in
Economics at the
University of Indonesia,
said the visit had an
impact on Prabowo-
Gibran's vote. According
to him, Prabowo
experienced a
considerable increase in
votes.
2. Faisal Basri, he said, this
pork barrel is done in a
different way in
Indonesia. He said that
pork barrels in Indonesia
were carried out by
providing social
assistance. One of the
ones he brought up was
BLT el nino.
The second
paragraph of the
tenth sentence.
Third paragraph
fifth sentence
Script
Who
Vid Adrison, Faisal Basri
Second and third
paragraphs
What
Expert 01 Considers Jokowi's
Help Behind Prabowo's
Victory
Why
Jokowi's Assistance Behind
Prabowo's Victory
Paragraf Pertama
When
Pilpres 2024
Lead
Where
Jakarta
Lead
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How
Kala Ahli 01 Anggap Ada
Bantuan Jokowi di Balik
kemenangan Prabowo
First Paragraph
Thematic
(Paragraphs,
propositions,
relationships
between sentences)
Coherence Details,
Sentence Shape
1. Jokowi's Assistance
Behind Prabowo's
Victory
2. the relationship between
Jokowi's aid and
Prabowo-Gibran's
victory.
Headliine
Retoris
Leksikon
Kala, Member, Help
Graphic
Photo
The Constitutional Court
Session on Monday
(1/4/2024)(Anggi/Detik.com)
4. Conclusion
Based on the discussion that has been outlined by the author regarding the news frame in
Detik.com about the 2024 presidential election result dispute hearing. From this discussion, the
following conclusions can be drawn: The news packaging carried out by detik.com online media
portals related to the news of the 2024 presidential election results dispute hearing emphasizes more
on the conditions and facts that occur in the field and the situations that occur during the presidential
election results dispute hearing. The news construction is arranged in a fixed and regular form so that
it forms an inverted pyramid starting with the headline, lead, episode, background, and closing title.
Then the preparation and emphasis on facts are supported by quotes from credible parties as
information support. Based on the structure of the script, the news carried out by detik.com has a
general form that has a 5W+1H pattern, this certainly shows the completeness in the presentation of
the news. From the object of the news, the problems that occur so that it forms an event, the place
where the event is reported, the cause of the event, and how the chronology of the event to the time
that shows when the event occurred in the news, based on the thematic structure, journalists
Detik.com want to display news with the same theme, namely regarding the dispute hearing on the
results of the 2024 presidential election. And based on the rhetorical structure, the discourse
reported by the journalists also shows a tendency that what is conveyed in accordance with the actual
events in the field is emphasized through Spelling that is perfected and emphasizes the message in
the news through graphic elements and images that depict the actual events.
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