Vol. 5, No. 5, May 2024

E-ISSN: 2723-6692

P-ISSN: 2723-6595

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Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, Vol. 5, No. 5, May 2024 1263

Jayapura Regency Government's Strategy in Flood Disaster

Management in Sentani District

Sulthon Rohmadin, Nuzulul Aulia Eryati, Yusi Eva Batubara

Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri, Indonesia

Email: [email protected].id, nuzululeryat[email protected], yu[email protected]

Correspondence: [email protected]*

KEYWORDS

ABSTRACT

Strategy; Disaster

Management; Flood

Sentani District in Jayapura Regency often faces floods that have a

significant impact on people's lives, infrastructure, and the

environment. High rainfall intensity, geographical conditions, and

suboptimal spatial management are the main factors causing

flooding in this region. The floods that occurred not only damaged

people's homes, but also disrupted economic and social activities,

and caused huge losses to the community and local government. The

aim of this research is to analyze and formulate appropriate

strategies to be used by the Jayapura Regency Government in

managing flood disasters, especially in the Sentani District, in order

to find out appropriate steps that can be implemented in resolving

the problems of flood disasters that frequently occur. The research

method used is descriptive qualitative through an inductive

approach. Apart from that, the author's data sources are people,

places, and documents, with data collection techniques using

interviews, observation, and documentation. The theory used by

researchers is strategic theory using SOAR analysis. This research

produced 5 (five) strategies for flood management. By implementing

the right strategy and good collaboration between stakeholders, it is

hoped that it can reduce the risk and impact of flood disasters and

increase community resilience in facing these disasters.

Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)

1. Introduction

Indonesia has been independent for 78 years. However, various events, such as politics,

security, natural disasters, and so on, have tested the unity of the nation. This country is located on

the equator with diverse natural conditions, but certain areas have geographical, geological, and

demographic conditions that are vulnerable to the occurrence of a disaster with the risk of damage

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and loss, so it requires good coordination of handling and prevention systematically and integrated.

Various disasters can occur in all corners of Indonesia, be they natural or non-natural disasters or

social disasters (Supriyadi et al., 2018; Venelia et al., 2021).

There needs to be a strategy to deal with various disasters that occur through strategic policies

and programs (Chandler Jr, 1969). Policies that have been implemented by the government and

authorities, as well as the role of the Indonesian people and nation regarding disasters to overcome

disasters, are still very lacking (Awalia et al., 2015; Setyorini, 2023).

This is evident from several disasters that occurred in Indonesia often caused various impacts.

This shows that disaster management strategies, both from the government and the community, have

not been implemented optimally. The following is presented a graph of flood disasters that occurred

in Indonesia.

Figure 1 Indonesia Disaster Information Data

Source: DIBI-BNPB

Based on information obtained from the Indonesian Disaster Information Data (DIBI)-BNPB,

floods often occur in Indonesia. Flooding can occur due to high-intensity rain and is not adequately

offset by soil uptake. Although flood data has decreased in the last 3 years, it is still a concern to

complete maximum flood disaster management. Climate change that occurs also has an influence on

the incidence of hydrometeorological disasters that increase. With a large number of events, there is

a huge impact on the environmental and economic sectors of the disaster group, both directly and

indirectly.

Human activities also affect environmental conditions, such as settlement development and

forest encroachment for industrial activities, which certainly damage the ecosystem and ecology in

the area (Himshikha et al., 2022).

Floods are one example of natural disasters that commonly occur in various parts of Indonesia.

According to (Raharjo, 2009) flooding is the result of excessive rain and cannot be absorbed by the

soil. This natural phenomenon often occurs in Indonesia and causes huge material losses to the

victims. A flood is an event when water inundates land that is usually dry, or that inundates normal

water limits. According to the legal provisions in Law Regulation Number 24 of 2007, disaster

management includes a series of steps involving the establishment of policies related to disaster risk

development, disaster prevention activities, emergency response, and rehabilitation processes.

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Disaster management must be done with careful planning, coordinated implementation, and

comprehensive evaluation (F. R. David, 2013). Disaster management aims to protect residents from

the threat of danger and provide a sense of security, which is in line with the vision and mission of the

government in accordance with applicable law and build a sense of solidarity among others for an

attitude of care, empathy, and cooperation for a safe, peaceful and prosperous environment.

Sentani District is a district that has an area of 79.8 km2 and a population of 52,378 inhabitants.

This district is located in the city center of Jayapura Regency which is surrounded by Mount Cycloop

and Lake Sentani, so the area is very strategic and prone to disasters.

As for the flood disaster data in Sentani District, it can be seen in the table presented below:

Table 1 Flood Disaster Data in Sentani District 2018-2022

Types of

Disaster

Location and time

Disaster Victims/Impacts

Soul

Infrastructure

Settlement

Other

Flood

Distrik Sentani

(2018)

Submerged

roads

2 housing units

Flood

BTN Gajah Mada,

BTN Sosial, Jalan

Raya Kemiri

Distrik Sentani (6

Januari

2019)

± 302 submerged

housing units in

BTN Gajah Mada,

14 units, BTN Pool 3

Landslide Prone Unit

Lake

Water

Overflo

Lake Sentani

(2019)

Refugee

Independe

nt (163

households

)

Damaged pier

21units

Submerged house 16

families

Fisheries

fail to

harvest

Flash

Floods

Kabupaten

Jayapura (Maret

2019)

106 MD

17 Lost

153 LB

801 LR

7.617

Refugee

Heavily damaged

road (22,302 m)

Medium-damaged

road (4,000 m)

Heavily damaged

aircraft (1 unit)

Damaged water

network

(13,120m) Water

intake 4 units

Broken water

installation

Market damaged 90

plots District office

1 unit Subdistrict

office 2 units School

building

Farm failure

Pigsty

damage

Flood

Distrik Sentani

(23 Desember

2020)

Submerged

residential

areas

Submerge

d sago

hamlet

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Flood

BTN Gajah Mada,

BTN Sosial, Jln

Raya Kemiri

Distrik Sentani

(2020)

Several housing units

were submerged

Floods

and

Landsli

des

Kampung Sereh

Distrik Sentani

(2021)

Flood

Kampung Maribu

Distrik Sentani

(2021)

Submerged

access road

40 Housing Units

Inundated

Flood

Kampung Yahim

Distrik Sentani

(7 Januari 2022)

People's homes

were flooded

Flood

Kelurahan

Hinekombe

(7 Januari 2022)

Resulting in

erosion

1 Church building unit

Flood

Kampu Kehiran II

(2022)

People's homes

submerged

Flood

BTN Permata

Hijau (2022)

Residents' houses

were submerged as

many as 41

units/KK (141

people), and

household

appliances were

also submerged

Source: Processed by researchers, 2023

Based on data from BPBD Jayapura Regency in the last 5 years, there have been various floods

that occurred in Sentani District, which resulted in various impacts on both property and lives.

Sentani district has 12 rivers that are prone to overflowing due to water deliveries from the Cycloop

Nature Reserve during heavy rainfall. Previously, on March 16, 2019, there was a major flash flood

disaster in the Sentani area, the capital city of Jayapura, and surrounding areas due to the overflow of

a number of rivers after heavy rain for several hours.

The largest total loss due to flash floods occurred in 2019, reaching Rp 506 billion with a death

toll of 106 people. BPBD of Jayapura Regency reported that several facilities and infrastructure were

flooded, such as housing units, churches and Lukas Enembe Stadium, and caused landslides in several

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areas in Sentani District. The locations affected by flooding spread in several areas in Sentani District.

Reviewing this, the government moved quickly to overcome the flood in collaboration with various

other agencies, the TNI-Polri, the youth community, and the community.

There are several aspects that cause flooding namely, the first is influenced by high rainfall, the

second is the topographic condition of the Cycloop mountain with a slope of 60-90 degrees, the third

aspect is the change in land function in several areas of the Cycloop mountains into residential areas

carried out by residents, the fourth is not the maximum role of the government in coordinating and

cooperating with related agencies and the community in disaster management, The fifth is the low

handling of rehabilitation and reconstruction so that supporting facilities are inadequate and lastly

the lack of public knowledge and awareness about disasters (Sumber BPBD, 2022).

The objectives of this study are to Identify policies and programs that have been implemented

by the Jayapura Regency Government in flood management in Sentani District, Analyze the role and

involvement of various stakeholders in flood disaster management in Sentani District, Assess the

capacity and readiness of the Jayapura Regency Government in facing future flood disasters, Identify

obstacles and challenges faced in flood disaster management in Sentani District, as well as Developing

recommendations for strategies to improve more effective and sustainable flood disaster

management in Sentani District.

2. Materials and Methods

To answer the problems and research objectives, this study will explain (descriptive) using

qualitative research methods. Primary data collection techniques through interviews, observations

and documentation combined with QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) analysis (Creswell,

2013). While secondary data through various references to books, documents, and information use

literature studies to support the primary data.

3. Result and Discussion

Sentani District is located in Jayapura Regency, Papua Province, and serves as the city center of

Jayapura Regency. This district has 3 villages and 7 villages with an area of 98.00 square kilometers.

In 2023, the population of Sentani District is expected to reach approximately 73,977 people, with a

population density of approximately 327.26 inhabitants per square kilometer.

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Figure 2 Map of Sentani District

Facing the challenges of floods that occur every year in Sentani District, researchers designed a

flood management strategy by utilizing the SOAR approach (strength, opportunities, aspirations,

result) as follows (Raharjo, 2009):

Strength

The strength factor is one of the elements that comes from the internal organization or

institution. In this context, internal factors originate from the activities of the Daetrah Government,

especially the Regional Disaster Management Agency of Jayapura Regency, which consists of:

1. Policy in Flood Disaster Management,

2. Regulation of the Regional Disaster Management Agency of Jayapura Regency,

3. Location of Sentani District within the Coverage of BPBD Jayapura Regency.

Opportunities

Opportunity is a clue in determining strategy. In this context, the Regional Disaster

Management Agency of Jayapura Regency, as the institution responsible for disaster management in

the region, has a strategic opportunity. The opportunity involves training programs and courses in

disaster management, covering the pre-disaster stage, during the disaster, and also in the post-

disaster stage, consisting of:

1. Map of Flood-Prone Areas of Sentani District,

2. Coordination and Cooperation,

3. General Policy Strategy and Direction.

Aspirations

Aspiration reflects the desired state or goal to be achieved. Communication is carried out by all

parties in the organization to set goals and work plans so as to increase motivation and performance

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and provide better service. In this context, various elements of both government and society have the

right and authority to give their aspirations, consisting of:

1. Community Socialization and Approach,

2. Community Trust.

Result

Results refer to the results or consequences of actions or operators taken to achieve a goal. These

results have an important role in cognitive processes and decision-making. The Results component

in SOAR theory not only includes concrete results of action but also involves a process of evaluation,

learning, and adaptation to support the achievement of desired aspirations or goals consisting of

expectations and goals (Sukamto, 2015).

Furthermore, in the formulation of strategies using analysis that aims to determine the

right strategy in flood disaster management, namely:

Analysis Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE)

Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) is the process of recognizing internal elements in the

form of strengths and opportunities.

Table 2 Results of Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix Analysis

Internal Factors

Bobot

Rating

Skor

Kekuatan (Strength)

1. Regional Regulation of Jayapura Regency Number 4 of

2011 concerning the Establishment, Organizational

Structure, and Work Procedures of the Regional

Disaster Management Agency of Jayapura Regency.

0.081

0.324

2. The strategic geographical location is between the

Cycloop Mountains and Lake Sentani.

0.121

0.363

3. Natural resources that can still be improved.

0.109

0.327

4. Sentani District has an average number of residents

who participate in disaster management.

0.151

0.302

5. Availability of accessible and affordable facilities for

disaster management efforts.

0.087

0.261

Opportunities

1. Support from BPBD Jayapura Regency

0.087

0.348

2. There is cooperation between the government and

the Regional Apparatus Organization (OPD)

in disaster management efforts,

0.081

0.324

3. Increased community participation and awareness.

0.109

0.327

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4. Disaster management potential in disaster-prone

areas.

0.087

0.348

5. Opportunities for local communities to gain

knowledge about disaster management, both through

formal and informal approaches.

0.087

0.261

Total

1.00

3.185

Source: Data processed by researchers, 2024

With rating:

1: Big weakness

2: minor weakness

3: small power

4: great power

Based on the results of the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix Analysis, a score of 3,185 is

obtained, which indicates that if the score is above 2.5, internally, the organization has a stronger

strategy opportunity.

External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Analysis

External Factor Evaluation (EFE) involves identifying internal elements, such as

aspiration and results (Notowijoyo, 2015).

Table 3 Results of External Factor Evaluation Matrix Analysis

External factors

Quality

Rating

Score

Aspiration

1. The government is expected to accelerate development

in disaster-prone areas.

0.074

0.296

2. In efforts to develop and develop disaster management

by BPBD Jayapura Regency, collaboration is not only

carried out independently, but also involves

cooperation with related OPDs.

0.068

0.272

3. Local governments in the development and

development process also actively involve community

participation, especially in the context of disaster

management.

0.100

0.200

4. Increasing awareness and quality of human resources

can be achieved through community empowerment

programs that are resilient to disasters.

0.126

0.252

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5. The formation of community groups is a means to

increase cooperation in disaster management efforts.

0.121

0.242

Result

1. Acceleration of infrastructure, facilities and

infrastructure development in disaster-prone areas.

0.068

0.204

2. Construction of facilities/infrastructure facilities carried

out together with related OPDs as organizers.

0.079

0.316

3. Consistent maintenance of existing facilities, facilities,

and supporting infrastructure.

0.116

0.348

4. Implementation of socialization by utilizing existing

resources through the era of digitalization.

0.137

0.274

5. The formation of community groups (disaster resilient

group organizations) led by BPBD Jayapura Regency.

0.111

0.222

Total

1.00

2.624

Source: Data processed by researchers, 2024

With rating:

1 = jellyfish response

2 = Respond Average

3 = above-average response

4 = overwhelming response

Based on the results of the External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix Analysis, a score of 2,624 is

obtained which indicates that a score above 2.5 characterizes that externally existing aspirations

greatly affect the organization.

Internal – External Matrix Analysis

After obtaining the total weight, rating, and score values for each matrix, consisting of strengths

and opportunities in the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE), as well as aspirations and results in the

External Factor Evaluation (EFE), the data will be unified in the Internal-External Matrix (IE). It aims

to determine the position of the organization and alternative strategies that are considered more

suitable based on the results of the analysis of the position of the organization (Ramli, 2010).

The results of Internal – External (IE) in the picture above with the average value of Internal

Factor Evaluation (IFE) is 3,185 then External Factor Evaluation (EFE) 2,624, showing the position of

Sentani District is in cell IV. In this position, the most appropriate strategy to apply is to grow and

build.

SOAR (Strength, Opportunities, Aspiration, Result)

In this step, we will describe the process of recognizing the factors associated with each element

in the SOAR framework (Strength, Opportunities, Aspiration, Result) and implementing strategies

based on these elements (Stavros et al., 2003).

Referring to the SOAR analysis that has been described by the researcher as explained earlier,

the researcher tried to formulate alternative strategies that can be considered for the Regional

Government of Jayapura Regency in continuing the development of flood disaster management

strategies, namely (Triton, 2011)

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Strategy 1: Strategies that need to be carried out by the Regional Government of Jayapura

Regency in flood disaster management related to the development of infrastructure/infrastructure

facilities in disaster-prone areas, namely by carrying out a program of development acceleration

activities in the disaster sector and making these activities a priority activity by improving facilities

by focusing on accelerating development involving cooperation with related OPDs and support from

society; Establishment of activity programs by empowering communities for disaster management

Strategy 2: the strategy that needs to be carried out by the Jayapura Regency Government is to

build cooperation from related OPDs in the development of infrastructure/infrastructure facilities in

disaster-prone areas, namely the Jayapura Regency Disaster Management Agency takes firm action

on the implementation of development in a binding activity program and in its work is based on

existing regulations.

Strategy 3: The strategy that needs to be carried out by the Regional Government of Jayapura

Regency is to conduct disaster socialization, namely to encourage the government and the community

to create a conducive climate for the growth and development of environmental care. The disaster

resilience program aims to increase the capacity of the community as environmental managers to

improve community security. Then proceed with providing education/training or proposing

comparative study activities to areas with environmental security.

Strategy 4: the strategy that needs to be carried out by the Jayapura Regency Government is in

an effort to create a sense of security, maintain cleanliness and environmental sustainability in

Sentani District, local governments, especially BPBD Jayapura Regency form a disaster resilient group.

This group was formed as a coordinator and person in charge of all activities in the environment.

Strategy 5: a strategy that needs to be carried out by the Jayapura Regency Government to

promote environmental awareness in Sentani District by utilizing natural resources, the strategic

geographical location of Sentani District, and the diversity of the surrounding environment. BPBD

needs to carry out socialization through digitalization of information media.

QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix)

The final step in the strategy proposal after choosing an alternative strategy is to decide to

determine the most appropriate strategy to be implemented by the Regional Government of Jayapura

Regency. The QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) aims to summarize and objectively

evaluate various alternatives, considering previously identified internal and external factors. QSPM

is obtained through calculations by multiplying the average weight of internal and external factors of

the organization by the AS value (attractiveness score) so as to get the TAS (total attractiveness score)

(M. E. David et al., 2009). This matrix will produce alternative strategic actions that can be

implemented by the Jayapura District Government.

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Table 4 Strategy Ranking Results of QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning

Matrix) Matrix Analysis

Strategic Alternatives

Bag Score

Rank

Strategy to accelerate disaster sector

development and make these

activities a priority activity by

improving facilities by focusing on

accelerating development involving

cooperation with related OPDs and

support from the community;

establishment of activity programs by

empowering communities for

progress Disaster

6.142

The strategy that needs to be carried

out by the Jayapura Regency

Government is to build cooperation

from OPD related to the development

of infrastructure/infrastructure

facilities in disaster-prone areas by

taking firm action on the

implementation of development and

development in disaster-prone areas

in a binding activity program and in

its work based on

on existing regulations

6.326

The strategy that needs to be done by

the Jayapura Regency Government is

to carry out disaster socialization,

namely to encourage the government

and the community to create a

conducive environment for disaster

management.

The Tangguh bencana program aims

to increase the capacity of the

community as environmental

managers in improving community

welfare and security. Then proceed

with providing education/training or

proposing comparative study

activities to regions with the security

of its territory.

5.840

The strategy that needs to be carried

out by the Jayapura Regency

Government is in an effort to create a

sense of security, maintain

3.352

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Strategic Alternatives

Bag Score

Rank

cleanliness and environmental

sustainability in Sentani District, local

governments, especially BPBD

Jayapura Regency formed a disaster

resilient group under the BPBD of

Jayapura Regency.

This group was formed as the

coordinator and person in charge of

all environmental activities in Sentani

District

The strategy that needs to be carried

out by the Regional Government of

Jayapura Regency is to promote by

utilizing natural resources and the

strategic geographical location of

Sentani District, the need for BPBD

Jayapura Regency to carry out

socialization through digitalization

information media in increasing the

promotion of environmental

awareness in Sentani District.

4.412

Source: Data processed by researchers, 2024

Based on the evaluation of the QSPM matrix and the comparison of tables that have been carried

out, it can be concluded that the strategic priorities for the Jayapura Regency Government are as

follows:

The main strategy that must be carried out is to strengthen cooperation with related OPDs in

building infrastructure and infrastructure facilities in disaster-prone areas. This includes strict action

on the implementation of disaster management development and development programs that are

binding and in accordance with applicable regulations.

In addition, the last strategy is to ensure safety, cleanliness, and environmental sustainability in

Sentani District. To achieve this, local governments, especially BPBD Jayapura Regency, are expected

to form an environmental management group led by BPBD Jayapura Regency. This group is

responsible for coordinating and implementing all environmental activities in Sentani District.

4. Conclusion

Strategies for overcoming obstacles arising in flood disaster management in Sentani District are

as follows: 1) The IFE (Internal Factor Evaluation) matrix shows that areas in Sentani District have

strong strategy opportunities. This is evidenced by a total result of 3,185, which indicates that if the

score is above 2.5, the organization has a stronger strategy opportunity internally. 2) The EFE

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(External Factor Evaluation) matrix shows that existing aspirations greatly affect flood disaster

management strategies in Sentani District, as evidenced by a total EFE (External Factor Evaluation)

matrix of 2,624, which indicates that a score above 2.5 indicates that externally existing aspirations

greatly affect the organization. 3) IE (Internal-External Matrix) matrix results are obtained from IFE

(Internal Factor Evaluation) and EFE (External Factor Evaluation), which are used to compile the IE

(Internal-External Matrix) matrix. The IFE (Internal Factor Evaluation) matrix value is 3.185, and EFE

(External Factor Evaluation) is 2.624. This shows that the position of the Jayapura Regency Disaster

Management Agency is in cell IV, which means that in this position, the right strategy to use is to grow

and build. 4) Based on the results of the analysis of internal factors and external factors of the

organization, alternative strategies based on the SOAR matrix (Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations,

Results), namely Strategy I: development acceleration program in disaster-prone areas; Strategy II:

cooperation with OPD related to the development and development of disaster-prone areas based on

regulations; Strategy III: socialization of environmental and disaster care to the community; Strategy

IV: the government makes community groups disaster resilient; and Strategy V: environmental

promotion by the Regional Disaster Management Agency. 5) Based on the determination of strategy

based on SOAR analysis, the QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) will produce alternative

strategies that can be applied by BPBD Jayapura Regency in flood disaster management, namely

strategy II the strategy that needs to be carried out by the Jayapura Regency Government is to build

cooperation from related OPD in the development of infrastructure/infrastructure facilities in

disaster-prone areas, namely, take firm action on the implementation of development and

development in disaster-prone areas in a binding activity program and in its work based on existing

regulations.

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