Vol. 5, No. 5, May 2024
E-ISSN: 2723-6692
P-ISSN: 2723-6595
http://jiss.publikasiindonesia.id/
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 5, May 2024 1189
Comparative Analysis of The Cost of Laying Red Bricks on
Building Works
(Case Study: Cigarette Depot Building PT. Gudang Garam Tbk)
Reza Mulyanto, Yudi Setio Prabowo
Universitas Serang Raya, Banten, Indonesia
Email: reza.mulyanto08@gmail.com, yudibabeh[email protected]om
Correspondence: reza.mulyant[email protected]
*
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Coefficient; Labour
Productivity; SNI 2022; SSHBJ
Technological development continues to fulfill people's needs for work
comfort. A non-structural work that has an important role in building
construction projects, such as labor productivity of red brick wall
installation work. This research was conducted to analyze the comparison
of the average labor coefficient and labor requirements in the field with SNI
2022, as well as comparing labor wages in the field with SSHBJ. This
research was conducted by conducting unstructured interviews with the
site manager, to obtain primary data on the construction project of the PT
Gudang Garam Tbk, cigarette depot building. This research uses
quantitative methods. From the results of this analysis, the average value
of the foreman's labor coefficient in the field is 0.0141: 1.0150 OH SNI, head
mason in the field 0.0205: 0.0100 OH SNI, mason in the field 0.0100: 0.0100
OH SNI, helper mason in the field 0.1215: 0.3000 OH SNI. The following are
the results of the comparison of the average labor requirements of foremen
in the field 1: 1 OH SNI, head masons in the field 2: 1 OH SNI, mason in the
field 10: 9 OH SNI, mason helper in the field 11: 28 OH SNI. Where the
average wage of labor in the field is compared with SSHBJ, where for the
foreman's labor in the field Rp 288,066.67: 178,500.00 SSHBJ, head mason
in the field Rp 141,646.15: 245,323.08 SSHBJ, masons in the field Rp
1,635,361.54:1,260,000.00 SSHBJ, mason helper Rp 4,359,871.79:
1.120.512,82 SSHBJ.
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
1. Introduction
Wall masonry work is an important aspect of construction projects, to increase the
effectiveness and efficiency of the work as well as achieve the desired level of comfort (Maharani et
al., 2022). One trend that is popular today is the use of Hebel Blocks, but it should be noted that this
type of wall pair is not waterproof, which can increase the cost of using special paints. On the other
hand, the use of red brick is considered more efficient and economical, although it may be less optimal
in terms of aesthetics. Although the manufacture is manual and varies in size, red brick has good
waterproofness, making it a good choice for the safety and strength of the overall sustainable building
structure (Kristiana & pujiandi, 2016; Sinolungan et al., 2020; Syahdan, 2017).
In the process of wall installation, problems such as non-compliance with standard procedures,
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unevenness of the wall surface, variations in the quality and size of bricks, poor sand, wall dryness,
and lack of cement in stucco mortar can hinder the progress of the construction project (Hernandi &
Tamtana, 2020). To overcome this, it is necessary to use appropriate installation methods and
techniques, follow recommended construction guidelines, and involve a skilled and experienced
workforce to achieve strength, safety, and comfort in building structures (Kartika et al., 2020;
Kementerian PUPR, 2022).
In the implementation of construction projects in the field, the use of labor and the
determination of labor wages are important aspects that must be taken into account. In construction
projects, the value of the labor coefficient and labor needs used in the field will differ by SNI 2022
(Akbar et al., 2020; Sinolungan et al., 2020). In analyzing labor wages, contractors generally use the
unit price of work based on their cost index, which is based on previous experience in completing
construction work (Putra & Sulistio, 2020). Because this construction project is carried out in the
Banten Province area, the author uses SSHBJ as a labor wage comparison index based on the labor
coefficient regulated in SNI 2022.
Brick wall installation is one of the jobs that requires a large volume of work and a significant
amount of labor. Therefore, project control is important to ensure the project runs according to the
plan that has been set. This study aims to analyze the comparison of the average power coefficient
and the comparison of the average labor needs in the field with SNI 2022 in wall installation work. In
addition, this study also analyzed the comparison of the average wage of labor in the field with SSHBJ.
2. Materials and Methods
Location and Time of Research
Research location Jl. Raya CILEGON KM3 Kagungan Serang District, Serang City, Banten
Province. The research implementation time starts on October 25, 2022 – February 2023
Research Equipment
a. Stationery and other aids
b. Working Drawings,
c. Handphone
d. Laptop,
Primary Data
Primary data is data that can be directly in the field by the object of research. Primary data
collection is carried out by: Field observations in order to find out the process of work in the field
with the data needed in the form of work volume, number of workers, and labor wages. The interview
was conducted to find out the daily productivity of the red masonry work obtained, which is 39
working days.
Data Seconds
Secondary data is data obtained through intermediaries or indirectly. This sber data is obtained
and recorded by other parties with existing evidence, as well as archives both published and
unpublished, along with secondary data:
a. Masonry work report data,
b. Analysis of the unit price of SNI 2022 work on guidelines for labor coefficient on wall work
c. Price List Unit Wages used by the project
d. SSHBJ as a guideline for labor wages for construction project work in the Banten region
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Data Analysis
a. Obtain data on labor productivity in the field containing the volume of work, the number of
workers and use 39 working days as a sample.
b. Obtaining wages for workers in the field.
c. Calculating the coefficient of labor in the field.
d. Comparing the average labor coefficient in the field with the Indonesian National Standard in
2022.
e. Calculating labor needs based on the SNI 2022 coefficient.
f. Comparing the average need for workers in the field with SNI 2022.
g. Calculating labor wages based on SSHBJ based on labor needs in SNI 2022.
h. Comparing the average wage of workers in the field with SSHBJ.
3. Results and Discussions
Based on the results of the survey conducted, a daily volume calculation was obtained
that resulted in the target work achieved and the number of workers per day. Which will be
used to determine labor as follows.
Table 1 Field Manpower Needs
Recapitulation of Observations
Day to
-
Work Volume
(m
2
)
Foreman
Head
Handyman
Handyman
Handyman
Helper
1
23,55
1
1
2
3
2
30,28
1
1
3
4
3
33,65
1
1
3
5
4
30,28
1
1
3
4
5
33,65
1
1
3
5
6
37,01
1
1
3
6
7
26,92
1
1
3
3
8
47,1
1
1
4
6
9
60,56
1
1
6
8
10
67,3
1
1
6
10
11
60,56
1
1
6
8
12
90,84
1
2
9
12
13
100,95
1
2
10
14
14
90,84
1
2
9
10
15
70,65
1
2
6
9
16
111,03
1
2
12
15
17
94,2
1
2
10
10
18
121,12
1
2
14
14
19
134,6
1
2
16
16
20
121,12
1
2
13
15
21
134,6
1
2
15
17
22
148,04
1
2
18
18
23
107,68
1
2
12
12
24
100,93
1
2
9
13
25
131,23
1
2
14
17
26
124,49
1
2
14
15
27
137,96
1
2
15
18
28
137,95
1
2
16
17
29
94,2
1
2
9
10
430
114,39
1
2
11
12
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31
114,39
1
2
10
12
32
134,58
1
2
11
13
33
104,31
1
2
10
11
34
100,94
1
2
9
9
35
114,4
1
2
11
11
36
121,14
1
2
14
14
37
134,59
1
2
16
16
38
134,59
1
2
15
16
39
114,4
1
2
8
9
1. Labor Coefficient
In the use of the data attached to Table 1, the following analysis calculations to find the value
of the labor coefficient are carried out: (Basari et al., 2014)
a. Day 1 Labor Efficiency Calculation
1. Foreman
=
The Number of Workers
Dayli Productivity
=
1
23,55
=
0,0425 OH
2. Head Handyman
=
The Number of Workers
Dayli Productivity
=
1
23,55
=
0,0425 OH
3. Bricklayer
=
The Number of Workers
Dayli Productivity
=
2
23,55
=
0,0849 OH
4. Handyman Helper
=
The Number of Workers
Dayli Productivity
=
3
23,55
=
0,1274 OH
With the example of the formula above to find the productivity coefficient in the field for labor
(foreman, chief handyman, mason, and handyman assistant) from days 1 to 39, the average value of
the labor coefficient in the field will be compared with SNI 2022 which can be seen in table 2:
Table 2 Comparison of the Average Coefficient of Labor in the Field with SNI 2022,
No
Labor
Unit
SNI 2022
Field
1
Foreman
OH
0,0150
0,0141
2
Head Handyman
OH
0,0100
0,0205
3
Bricklayer
OH
0,1000
0,1000
4
Handyman Helper
OH
0,3000
0,1215
2. Manpower Needs
By using available field volume data, researchers can analyze to determine labor needs in the
field using the SNI 2022 coefficient as a guideline, with the following calculations:
(Nordiansyah et al., 2021)
1.
Labor Calculation Based on SNI Day to -1,
Tenaga Kerja
=
SNI Coefficient X Daily Productivity
=
Result
A.Foreman
=
0,015 x 23,55
=
0,353
B.Head Handyman
=
0,01 x 23,55
=
0,236
C.Handyman
=
0,1 x 23,55
=
2,355
D.Handyman Helper
=
0,3 x 23,55
=
7,065
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With this formula, labor needs are obtained from the first day to the 39th day, with the
average value of labor needs per day that will be compared with actual needs in the field, as
listed in table 3:
Table 3 Comparison of Average Labor Needs in the Field with SNI 2022
No
Labor
Unit
SNI 2022
Field
1
Foreman
OH
1
1
2
Head Handyman
OH
1
2
3
Bricklayer
OH
9
10
4
Handyman Helper
OH
28
11
3. Labour Wages,
Wages are closely related to human resources, namely labor. However, wage standards
vary in different regions (Puraro et al., 2019). In this study, because the project is located in
Banten Province, the Standard Unit Price of Service Goods (SSHBJ) is used as a reference to
compare labor wages (Pemerintah Provinsi Banten, 2021). A comparison between SSHBJ
wage standards and actual wages in the field can be seen in Table 4:
Table 4 Field Work Wage Price and SSHBJ
No
Item
Description
Specifications
Unit
Field Price
SSHBJ Price
1
Wages
Foreman
OH
178.500
193.700
2
Wages
Head Handyman
OH
142.800
178.200
3
Wages
Bricklayer
OH
130.000
175.700
4
Wages
Handyman Helper
OH
100.000
155.000
This provision is a regulation regarding the labor wages of foremen, chief
handymen, masons, and handyman assistants, based on SSHBJ provisions, which will
analyze labor wages in the construction project of the Cigarette Depot of PT. Gudang
Garam Tbk. Where the formula used is as follows:
a. Labor Wage Formula,
1.
Foreman’s wages
=
Total. Labour x Foreman Wages (SSHBJ/SNI)
2.
Head Handyman
wages
=
Total. Labor x Wages Head handyman (SSHBJ/SNI)
3.
Bricklayer wages
=
Total. Labor x Wages Bricklayer (SSHBJ/SNI)
4.
Handyman wages
=
Total. Labor x Handyman helper wages (SSHBJ/SNI)
In this formulation, a comparison is obtained between the total amount of wages spent on labor
and the average wages of labor paid can be seen in Table 5 and Table 6.
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Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 5, May 2024 1194
Table 5 Comparison of SSHBJ Labor Wages with Field
No
Labor
SSHBJ
Field
1
Foreman
Rp 11.234.600,00
Rp 6.961.500,00
2
Head Handyman
Rp 5.524.200,00
Rp 9.567.600,00
3
Bricklayer
Rp 63.779.100,00
Rp 49.140.000,00
4
Handyman Helper
Rp 170.035.000,00
Rp 43.700.000,00
TOTAL
Rp 250.572.900,00
Rp 109.369.100,00
Table 6 Comparison of SSHBJ Workforce Wages With Field
No
Labor
SSHBJ
Field
1
Foreman
Rp 288.066,67
Rp 178.500,00
2
Head Handyman
Rp 141.646,15
Rp 245.323,08
3
Bricklayer
Rp 1.635.361,54
Rp 1.260.000,00
4
Handyman Helper
Rp 4.359.871,79
Rp 1.120.512,82
TOTAL
Rp 6.424.946,15
Rp 2.804.335,90
Discussion
In this study, the main objective is to find a comparison of the average labor coefficient and
labor needs in the field compared to the standards set by SNI 2022 (Prasetyo et al., 2022). In addition,
this study aims to assess the comparison of the average wages of workers in the field with the wage
standards listed in SSHBJ. So based on the results of the research conducted are as follows:
a. Labor Coefficient
The foreman workforce in the field has a lower coefficient index than SNI, while the head
handyman in the field has a higher coefficient index than SNI, for the masonry workforce in the
field has the same coefficient index as SNI, for the assistant craftsman in the field has a lower
coefficient index than SNI. The difference between the labor coefficient index in the field and the
standards set in SNI is caused by the achievement of masonry work per day. Because the
procedure for bricklaying work in the field is certainly different from SNI standards.
b. Manpower Needs
The foreman workforce has the same labor needs as SNI (Listianingsih, 2021), for the head
handyman in the field uses 2 while SNI uses 1 worker, for masons in the field uses 10 while SNI
uses 9 workers, for the workforce of handyman helpers in the field using 11 while SNI uses 28
workers. From these results, it can be seen that labor needs also affect the value of labor
efficiency.
c. Labour Wages
After obtaining the value of the SNI labor coefficient index and SNI labor needs, the results
of labor wages based on SSHBJ were obtained (Puraro et al., 2019). Where foreman workers in
the field have lower wages than SSHBJ, for head craftsman labor in the field is higher than SSHBJ,
for masonry labor in the field is lower than SSHBJ, for assistant craftsman labor in the field is
much lower than SSHBj. From these results, it can be seen that the value of SSHBJ is higher than
in the field, where the value of SSHBJ will not always be high.
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4. Conclusion
Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that in terms of
comparing the coefficients, needs, and wages of workers in the field with SNI 2022, each aspect can
be concluded in detail as follows:
From the results of the analysis comparing the average labor coefficient in the field with SNI
2022, it was obtained that the value of the foreman's labor coefficient in the field was 0.0141 OH,
lower than SNI of 0.0150 OH. The workforce of the head handyman in the field has a coefficient value
of 0.0205 OH twice than SNI of 0.0100 OH. Then the masonry workforce in the field has a coefficient
value of 0.1000 OH equal to an SNI of 0.0100 OH. Where the workforce of handyman helpers in the
field has a coefficient of 0.1215 OH even does not reach half of the SNI coefficient of 0.3000 OH. So it
can be stated that the value of the SNI labor coefficient index is higher than in the field, because it is
related to different time and energy needs.
From the results of the analysis comparing the average need for the number of SNI 2022
workers with the field, it is obtained that the labor needs of the foreman workforce in SNI are 1 OH
the same as in the field. For the workforce of the head handyman at SNI, 1 OH is needed while in the
field using 2 OH. Then the masonry workforce has a labor requirement at SNI is 9 OH while in the field
it uses 10 OH. Where the labor of handyman helpers needed in SNI is 28 OH while what has been
applied in the field is too little, namely 11 OH. So it can be stated that the need for labor in SNI is more
than in the field due to the influence of the labor coefficient index.
From the results of the analysis of the average comparison of workers' wages based on the
number of SSHBJ workers in the field, it was obtained that the labor wage needs needed for foreman
workers at SSHBJ were IDR 288,066.67 while in the field it was IDR 178,500.00 with a difference of
IDR 109,566.67. For head handyman labor, labor wages based on SSHBJ are required at Rp
141,646.15 and in the field at Rp 245,323.08 with a difference of Rp 103,676.93. Then the wages of
masonry workers required at SSHBJ amounted to Rp 1,635,361.54 and in the field amounted to
1,260,000.00 with a difference of Rp 375,361.54. Where the wages of handyman helpers needed at
SSHBJ are IDR 4,359,871.79 and in the field are IDR 1,120,512.82 with a difference of IDR
3,239,358.97. So it can be stated that the value of SSHBJ labor wages is higher than in the field, this is
because it is based on the influence of the coefficient index and labor needs.
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